Effects of amendment of different biochars on soil enzyme activities related to carbon mineralisation
Lei Ouyang A , Qian Tang A , Liuqian Yu A and Renduo Zhang A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
B Corresponding author. Email: zhangrd@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Soil Research 52(7) 706-716 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR14075
Submitted: 29 March 2014 Accepted: 21 May 2014 Published: 29 August 2014
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different biochars on soil enzyme activities associated with soil carbon (C) mineralisation. Biochars were produced from two types of feedstock (fresh dairy manure and pine tree woodchip) at temperatures of 300°C, 500°C, and 700°C. Each biochar was mixed at a ratio of 5% (w/w) with a forest loamy soil and the mixture was incubated at 25°C for 180 days. Soil mineralisation rates, soil dissolved organic C, soil microbial biomass C, and five soil enzyme activities were measured during different incubation periods. Results showed that biochar addition increased soil enzyme activities at the early stage (mainly within the first 80 days) because biochar brought available nutrients to the soil and increased soil dissolved organic C and microbial activity. Soil enzyme activities were enhanced more by the dairy manure biochars than by the woodchip biochars (P < 0.05). The enhancement effect on enzyme activities (except catalase activity) was greater in the treatments with biochars produced at lower pyrolysis temperature (300°C). Linear relationships between some soil enzymes and C-mineralisation rates might indicate that the increased enzyme activities stimulated soil C mineralisation at the early stage. However, the biochar additions could result in great C sequestration in the long term, especially for the woodchip biochars pyrolysed at higher temperatures.
Additional keywords: biochar, soil carbon mineralisation, soil carbon sequestration, soil enzyme activity.
References
Adams WA (1973) The effect of organic matter on the bulk and true densities of some uncultivated podsoilc soils. Journal of Soil Science 24, 10–17.| The effect of organic matter on the bulk and true densities of some uncultivated podsoilc soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Alef K, Nannipieri P (1995) Enzyme activities. In ‘Methods in applied soil microbiology and biochemistry’. (Eds A Kassem, N Paolo) pp. 311–373. (Academic Press: London)
Allison SD, Jastrow JD (2006) Activities of extracellular enzymes in physically isolated fractions of restored grassland soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 38, 3245–3256.
| Activities of extracellular enzymes in physically isolated fractions of restored grassland soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVagurbI&md5=0aedc52e4c1ca5cd13efd717ccbb79daCAS |
Ameloot N, De Neve S, Jegajeevagan K, Yildiz G, Buchan D, Funkuin YN, Prins W, Bouckaert L, Sleutel S (2013) Short-term CO2 and N2O emissions and microbial properties of biochar amended sandy loam soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 57, 401–410.
| Short-term CO2 and N2O emissions and microbial properties of biochar amended sandy loam soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXitVGntLk%3D&md5=11911a30c98332847ded0cdc737c5b4bCAS |
Awad YM, Blagodatskaya E, Ok YK, Kuzyakov Y (2012) Effects of polyacrylamide, biopolymer, and biochar on decomposition of soil organic matter and plant residues as determined by 14C and enzyme activities. European Journal of Soil Biology 48, 1–10.
| Effects of polyacrylamide, biopolymer, and biochar on decomposition of soil organic matter and plant residues as determined by 14C and enzyme activities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsF2qs7zE&md5=90ec0f18d479710da1fbda269321ca34CAS |
Bailey VL, Fansler SJ, Smith JL, Bolton H (2011) Reconciling apparent variability in effects of biochar amendment on soil enzyme activities by assay optimization. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 43, 296–301.
| Reconciling apparent variability in effects of biochar amendment on soil enzyme activities by assay optimization.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlGntg%3D%3D&md5=9e9610139877ca68bcd762b64658e330CAS |
Bowen S (2006) Biologically-relevant characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from soil. PhD Dissertation, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
Brookes PC, Landman A, Pruden G, Jenkinson DS (1985) Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 17, 837–842.
| Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL28XhvFSgug%3D%3D&md5=f6c6ccaff6eb87cb83866980559b9b82CAS |
Bruun EW, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Norazana I, Egsgaard H, Ambus P, Jensen PA, Dam-Johansen K (2011) Influence of fast pyrolysis temperature on biochar labile fraction and short-term carbon loss in a loamy soil. Biomass and Bioenergy 35, 1182–1189.
| Influence of fast pyrolysis temperature on biochar labile fraction and short-term carbon loss in a loamy soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1ehur4%3D&md5=139e57781f954c11ae5f476d926e66adCAS |
Bruun EW, Ambus P, Egsgaard H, Hauggaard-Nielsen H (2012) Effects of slow and fast pyrolysis biochar on soil C and N turnover dynamics. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 46, 73–79.
| Effects of slow and fast pyrolysis biochar on soil C and N turnover dynamics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XosFCltg%3D%3D&md5=ac82db99ce3d541962cdaf10195d1a94CAS |
Casida LE, Klein DA, Santoro T (1964) Soil dehydrogenase activity. Soil Science 98, 371–376.
| Soil dehydrogenase activity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF2MXjvFyktQ%3D%3D&md5=98331a190a5a364e9c1ef282af81f3efCAS |
Cayuela ML, Oenema O, Kuikmanw PJ, Bakkerz RR, van Groenigen JW (2010) Bioenergy by-products as soil amendments? Implications for carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. GCB Bioenergy 2, 201–213.
Decker KLM, Boerner REJ, Morris SJ (1999) Scale-dependent patterns of soil enzyme activity in a forested landscape. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, 232–241.
| Scale-dependent patterns of soil enzyme activity in a forested landscape.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXivVGru78%3D&md5=8110f1b4a4082ae26f0cb02006d8f073CAS |
Downie A, Crosky A, Munroe P (2009) Physical properties of biochar. In ‘Biochar for environmental management: science and technology’. (Eds J Lehmann, S Joseph) pp. 13–32. (Earthscan: London)
Freeman C, Ostle N, Kang H (2001) An enzymic ‘latch’ on a global carbon store - a shortage of oxygen locks up carbon in peatlands by restraining a single enzyme. Nature 409, 149
| An enzymic ‘latch’ on a global carbon store - a shortage of oxygen locks up carbon in peatlands by restraining a single enzyme.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvVyltg%3D%3D&md5=99a90e20e7589713a4aa364a4e155c9aCAS | 11196627PubMed |
Glaser B, Lehmann J, Zech W (2002) Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal—a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils 35, 219–230.
| Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal—a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xkt1Wmsrc%3D&md5=d18ae5235ba5353425a5a810075f94c4CAS |
Insam H (2001) Developments in soil microbiology since the mid 1960s. Geoderma 100, 389–402.
| Developments in soil microbiology since the mid 1960s.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjt12mt70%3D&md5=cb88238e4895e142a94ec44f5293ba7aCAS |
Kar M, Mishra D (1976) Catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiology 57, 315–319.
| Catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities during rice leaf senescence.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE28XhtFyms7Y%3D&md5=e5f33ba231e389413d19b83aa9370849CAS | 16659474PubMed |
Krull E, Lehmann J, Skjemstad J, Baldock J, Spouncer L (2009) The global extent of black C in soils: is it everywhere? In ‘Grasslands: ecology, management and restoration’. (Ed. HG Schröder) pp. 13–17. (Nova Science: Hauppauge, NY)
Kumar S, Masto R, Ram L, Sarkar P, George J, Selvi V (2013) Biochar preparation from Parthenium hysterophorus and its potential use in soil application. Ecological Engineering 55, 67–72.
| Biochar preparation from Parthenium hysterophorus and its potential use in soil application.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lammirato C, Miltner A, Kaestner M (2011) Effects of wood char and activated carbon on the hydrolysis of cellobiose by β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 43, 1936–1942.
| Effects of wood char and activated carbon on the hydrolysis of cellobiose by β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtVWrtL7L&md5=994166e7c47d62fb3af1a54c0cd26e0fCAS |
Lehmann J (2007) Bio-energy in the black. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5, 381–387.
| Bio-energy in the black.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lehmann J, Joseph S (2009) Biochar for environmental management: an introduction. In ‘Biochar for environmental management: science and technology’. (Eds J Lehmann, S Joseph) pp. 1–12. (Earthscan: London)
Liang B, Lehmann J, Solomon D, Kinyangi J, Grossman J, O’Neill B, Skjemstad JO, Thies J, Luiza FJ, Petersen J, Neves EG (2006) Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 70, 1719–1730.
| Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xpsl2lsbo%3D&md5=e789ace737b844bb9d510a2e34e4260eCAS |
Makoi JHJR, Ndakidemi PA (2008) Selected soil enzymes: examples of their potential roles in the ecosystem. African Journal of Biotechnology 7, 181–191.
Masto RE, Kumar S, Rout TK, Sarkar P, George J, Ram LC (2013) Biochar from water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) and its impact on soil biological activity. Catena 111, 64–71.
| Biochar from water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) and its impact on soil biological activity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFOns7vP&md5=63dcd649c75e9ec89f361f0f7bcb66b7CAS |
Moeskops B, Sukristiyonubowo , Buchan D, Sleutel S, Herawaty L, Husen E, Saraswati R, Setyorini D, De Neve S (2010) Soil microbial communities and activities under intensive organic and conventional vegetable farming in West Java, Indonesia. Applied Soil Ecology 45, 112–120.
| Soil microbial communities and activities under intensive organic and conventional vegetable farming in West Java, Indonesia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Novak JM, Busscher WJ, Laird DL, Ahmedna M, Watts DW, Niandou MAS (2009) Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil. Soil Science 174, 105–112.
| Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhvVSkt78%3D&md5=e6875745e12a1d7289fb9627b92651f3CAS |
Ouyang L, Yu L, Zhang R (2014) Effects of amendment of different biochars on soil carbon mineralization and sequestration. Soil Research 52, 46–54.
| Effects of amendment of different biochars on soil carbon mineralization and sequestration.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Park J, Choppala G, Bolan N, Chung J, Chuasavathi T (2011) Biochar reduces the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals. Plant and Soil 348, 439–451.
| Biochar reduces the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXht1Gnt7vM&md5=0f0a2b3a9695cdbe660d5a120085d133CAS |
Patra AK, Chhonkar PK, Khan MA (2006) Effect of green manure Sesbania sesban and nitrification inhibitor encapsulated calcium carbide (ECC) on soil mineral-N, enzyme activity and nitrifying organisms in a rice–wheat cropping system. European Journal of Soil Biology 42, 173–180.
| Effect of green manure Sesbania sesban and nitrification inhibitor encapsulated calcium carbide (ECC) on soil mineral-N, enzyme activity and nitrifying organisms in a rice–wheat cropping system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XptFCntLk%3D&md5=3dca7187038623655a4d312d49295b1eCAS |
Paz-Ferreiro J, Gasco G, Gutierrez B, Mendez A (2012) Soil biochemical activities and the geometric mean of enzyme activities after application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 48, 511–517.
| Soil biochemical activities and the geometric mean of enzyme activities after application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Roberge MR (1978) Methodology of enzymes determination and extraction. In ‘Soil enzymes’. (Ed. RG Burns) pp. 341–352. (Academic Press: New York)
Serra-Wittling C, Houot S, Barriuso E (1995) Soil enzymatic response to addition of municipal solid-waste compost. Biology and Fertility of Soils 20, 226–236.
| Soil enzymatic response to addition of municipal solid-waste compost.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Singh J, Singh D (2005) Dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field after diazinon, imidacloprid and lindane treatments. Chemosphere 60, 32–42.
| Dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) field after diazinon, imidacloprid and lindane treatments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXks1Cqsrg%3D&md5=4023b116131ab4183dbf51b98b1d831aCAS | 15910899PubMed |
Sinsabaugh RL, Lauber CL, Weintraub MN, Ahmed B, Allison SD, Crenshaw CL, Contosta AR, Cusack D, Frey S, Gallo ME, Gartner TB, Hobbie SE, Holland K, Keeler BL, Powers JS, Stursova M, Takacs-Vesbach C, Waldrop M, Wallenstein M, Zak DR, Zeglin LH (2008) Stoichiometry of soil enzyme activity at global scale. Ecology Letters 11, 1252–1264.
Smith JL, Collins HP, Bailey VL (2010) The effect of young biochar on soil respiration. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 42, 2345–2347.
| The effect of young biochar on soil respiration.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtlCjsb7E&md5=af8674f7fc85b970f8b5278f8310a775CAS |
Sohi S, Krull E, Lopez-Capel E, Bol R (2010) A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. Advances in Agronomy 105, 47–82.
| A review of biochar and its use and function in soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmtlGitbo%3D&md5=aace8ad37c202bd7ba7298cc8703498eCAS |
Spokas KA, Koskinen WC, Baker JM, Reicosky DC (2009) Impacts of woodchip biochar additions on greenhouse gas production and sorption/degradation of two herbicides in a Minnesota soil. Chemosphere 77, 574–581.
| Impacts of woodchip biochar additions on greenhouse gas production and sorption/degradation of two herbicides in a Minnesota soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtF2htLnP&md5=f1af44e2fb61576156ac032c58eafd93CAS | 19647284PubMed |
Tang J, Mo Y, Zhang J, Zhang R (2011) Influence of biological aggregating agents associated with microbial population on soil aggregate stability. Applied Soil Ecology 47, 153–159.
| Influence of biological aggregating agents associated with microbial population on soil aggregate stability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Trompowsky PM, Benites VM, Madari BE, Pimenta AS, Hockaday WC, Hatcher PG (2005) Characterization of humic-like substances obtained by chemical oxidation of eucalyptus charcoal. Organic Geochemistry 36, 1480–1489.
| Characterization of humic-like substances obtained by chemical oxidation of eucalyptus charcoal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFGhsbnO&md5=15be2c33474cda73258656f2b44329c7CAS |
Waldrop MP, Zak DR, Sinsabaugh RL, Gallo M, Lauber C (2004) Nitrogen deposition modifies soil carbon storage through changes in microbial enzymatic activity. Ecological Applications 14, 1172–1177.
| Nitrogen deposition modifies soil carbon storage through changes in microbial enzymatic activity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Warnock D, Mummey DL, McBride B, Major J, Lehmann J, Rillig MC (2010) Influences of non-herbaceous biochar on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundances in roots and soils: results from growth-chamber and field experiments. Applied Soil Ecology 46, 450–456.
| Influences of non-herbaceous biochar on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundances in roots and soils: results from growth-chamber and field experiments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wu F, Jia Z, Wang S, Chang S, Startsev A (2013) Contrasting effects of wheat straw and its biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and enzyme activities in a Chernozemic soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 49, 555–565.
| Contrasting effects of wheat straw and its biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and enzyme activities in a Chernozemic soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtV2kurnF&md5=3ee7d6f68ada36445510cc5aa34ae016CAS |
Zech W, Senesi N, Guggenberger G, Kaise K, Lehmann J, Miano TM, Miltner A, Schroth G (1997) Factors controlling humification and mineralization of soil organic matter in the tropics. Geoderma 79, 117–161.
| Factors controlling humification and mineralization of soil organic matter in the tropics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXns1Cmu7Y%3D&md5=a5b7b9574f542d210bcae2aed41b320fCAS |
Zimmerman AR, Gao B, Ahn MY (2011) Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 43, 1169–1179.
| Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXkvFagt7c%3D&md5=95770e605ca77f1f59053c82dbf933d2CAS |
