Carbon leaching from undisturbed soil cores treated with dairy cow urine
S. M. Lambie A D , L. A. Schipper B , M. R. Balks B and W. T. Baisden C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Landcare Research, Private Bag 11052, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
B University of Waikato, Gate 1 Knighton Road, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
C GNS Science, National Isotope Centre, PO Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand.
D Corresponding author. Email: lambies@landcareresearch.co.nz
Soil Research 50(4) 320-327 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR12055
Submitted: 9 March 2012 Accepted: 18 May 2012 Published: 3 July 2012
Abstract
Solubilisation of soil carbon (C) under cow urine patches may lead to losses of soil C by priming or leaching. We investigated the solubilisation and bioavailability of soil C in undisturbed pasture soil treated with urine. We also studied the contribution of acid-neutralising capacity (ANC) forcing and aggregate disruption as mechanisms of soil C solubilisation. Undisturbed soil cores (0–5 cm; Typic Udivitrand) were treated with water or δ13C-enriched urine and subsequently leached. Urine deposition increased total C and dissolved organic C leaching by 8 g C m–2 compared with water. Soil C contributed 28.1 ± 0.9% of the C in the leachate from urine-treated cores (ULeachate). ANC forcing of urine was 11.8 meq L–1 and may have contributed to soil C leaching, but aggregate disruption was unlikely to have contributed. The bioavailability of organic C in ULeachate was four times greater than in both cow urine and water leachate. It is possible that ULeachate may lead to priming of soil C decomposition lower in the profile. Further testing under field conditions would determine the long-term contribution of urine deposition to dissolved organic C leaching and the fate of solubilised C in pastoral soils.
Additional keywords: acid neutralising capacity forcing, Carbon-13, cow urine, leaching, pH.
References
Andreasson F, Bergkvist B, Bååth E (2009) Bioavailability of DOC in leachates, soil matrix solutions and soil water extracts from beech forest floors. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 41, 1652–1658.| Bioavailability of DOC in leachates, soil matrix solutions and soil water extracts from beech forest floors.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXoslGjsLg%3D&md5=e0a1a52703cccd98ac517cd4be8341aeCAS |
Barthès B, Kouakoua E, Larré-Larrouy M-C, Razafimbelo TM, de Luca EF, Azontonde A, Neves CSVJ, de Freitas PL, Feller CL (2008) Texture and sesquioxides on water-stable aggregates and organic matter in some tropical soils. Geoderma 143, 14–25.
| Texture and sesquioxides on water-stable aggregates and organic matter in some tropical soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Brady NC, Weil RR (2008) ‘The nature and properties of soils.’ 14th edn (Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ)
Chandra S, Joshi HC, Pathak H, Jain MC, Kalra N (2002) Effect of potassium salts and distillery effluent on carbon mineralisation in soil. Bioresource Technology 83, 255–257.
| Effect of potassium salts and distillery effluent on carbon mineralisation in soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XitFWhtbw%3D&md5=01cc7afbe9989b9ade23e7f253d41b67CAS |
Clark DA, Caradus JR, Monaghan RM, Sharp P, Thorrold BS (2007) Issues and options for future dairy farming in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 50, 203–221.
| Issues and options for future dairy farming in New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Clough TJ, Ledgard SF, Sprosen MS, Kear MJ (1998) Fate of 15N labelled urine on four soil types. Plant and Soil 199, 195–203.
| Fate of 15N labelled urine on four soil types.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjslOhsrw%3D&md5=8e4e8ca843f50803bec8386bf37d9dc0CAS |
Doak BW (1952) Some chemical changes in the nitrogenous constituents of urine when voided on pasture. The Journal of Agricultural Science 42, 162–171.
| Some chemical changes in the nitrogenous constituents of urine when voided on pasture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaG2cXjtlyitw%3D%3D&md5=c68ed84b03053aacf3534ed81b571b41CAS |
Evans CD, Goodale CL, Caporn SJM, Dise NB, Emmett BA, Fernandez IJ, Field CD, Findlay SEG, Lovett GM, Meesenburg H, Moldan F, Sheppard LJ (2008) Does elevated nitrogen deposition or ecosystem recovery from acidification drive increased dissolved organic carbon loss from upland soil? A review of evidence from field nitrogen addition experiments. Biogeochemistry 91, 13–35.
| Does elevated nitrogen deposition or ecosystem recovery from acidification drive increased dissolved organic carbon loss from upland soil? A review of evidence from field nitrogen addition experiments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVKjtrbJ&md5=48913feba510715f47e0ed5ad163839cCAS |
Filep T, Kinscses I, Nagy P (2003) Dissolved organic carbon (doc) and dissolved organic nitrogen (don) content of an arenosol as affected by liming in a pot experiment. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 49, 111–117.
| Dissolved organic carbon (doc) and dissolved organic nitrogen (don) content of an arenosol as affected by liming in a pot experiment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXktVGlsL8%3D&md5=f05e24406e09451152ff3dc961024527CAS |
Fry B (2006) ‘Mixing. Stable isotope ecology.’ pp. 119–182. (Springer Science and Business Media: New York)
Ghani A, Müller K, Dodd M, Mackay A (2010) Dissolved organic matter leaching in some contrasting New Zealand pasture soils. European Journal of Soil Science 61, 525–538.
| Dissolved organic matter leaching in some contrasting New Zealand pasture soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVylt7fM&md5=3899da99d632084c46a96bacbfc4b45bCAS |
Gradwell MW, Birrell KS (1979) ‘Methods for physical analysis of soils.’ Soil Bureau Laboratory Methods (DSIR: Wellington, New Zealand)
Gregorich EG, Kachanoski RG, Voroney RP (1989) Carbon mineralization in soil size fractions after various amounts of aggregate disruption. Journal of Soil Science 40, 649–659.
| Carbon mineralization in soil size fractions after various amounts of aggregate disruption.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXmtlWhsbc%3D&md5=089e82ae93bd607cfdc3dae7ce973f20CAS |
Griffiths H (2006) Designs on Rubisco. Nature 441, 940–941.
| Designs on Rubisco.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XmtVSgu7w%3D&md5=1a0d26ddb68bf7d96452eab76469b807CAS |
Guggenberger G, Kaiser K, Zech W (1998) Mobilization and immobilization of dissolved organic matter in forest soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 161, 401–408.
Guo M, Chorover J (2003) Transport and fractionation of dissolved organic matter in soil columns. Soil Science 168, 108–118.
| Transport and fractionation of dissolved organic matter in soil columns.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXht1Wgsrw%3D&md5=d0bc9d6b7347adc9ffdea941b7145e5bCAS |
Haynes RJ, Swift RS (1990) Stability of soil aggregates in relation to organic constituents and soil water content. Journal of Soil Science 41, 73–83.
| Stability of soil aggregates in relation to organic constituents and soil water content.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXitlCgsb8%3D&md5=7e6e296a36e06586997612124c74242bCAS |
Haynes RJ, Williams PH (1992) Changes in soil solution composition and pH in urine-affected areas of pasture. Journal of Soil Science 43, 323–334.
| Changes in soil solution composition and pH in urine-affected areas of pasture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XlsFSjsbk%3D&md5=d74ef7720bcc7fdcbd722a8820c1ca41CAS |
Haynes RJ, Williams PH (1993) Nutrient cycling and soil fertility in the grazed pasture ecosystem. Advances in Agronomy 49, 119–199.
| Nutrient cycling and soil fertility in the grazed pasture ecosystem.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXltlygs7Y%3D&md5=9e756ca7a4f4c23e10fd9b4035c2ac66CAS |
Hewitt AE (1998) ‘New Zealand Soil Classification.’ Landcare Research Science Series No.1. (Manaaki Whenua Press: Lincoln, New Zealand)
Hutton JB, Jury KE, Davies EB (1965) Studies of the nutritive value of New Zealand dairy pastures. IV. The intake and utilisation of magnesium in pasture herbage by lactating dairy cattle. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 8, 479–496.
| Studies of the nutritive value of New Zealand dairy pastures. IV. The intake and utilisation of magnesium in pasture herbage by lactating dairy cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF2MXkvFWmurk%3D&md5=f6ff0a4810c589a3f751c4f40e8def17CAS |
Kalbitz K, Schwesig D, Rethemeyer J, Matzner E (2005) Stabilization of dissolved organic matter by sorption to the mineral soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 37, 1319–1331.
| Stabilization of dissolved organic matter by sorption to the mineral soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjtlWjtbY%3D&md5=a58ee11decc58bcc763093f71ed4b0f7CAS |
Kemper WD, Rosenau RC (1986) Aggregate stability and size distribution, In ‘Methods of soil analysis: Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods’. (Ed. A Klute) pp. 425–442. (American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI)
Klute A, Dirkson C (1986) Hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity: Laboratory methods. In ‘Methods of soil analysis: Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods’. (Ed. A Klute) pp. 687–734. (American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI)
Kool DM, Hoffland E, Abrahamse S, van Groenigen JW (2006) What artificial urine composition is adequate for simulating soil N2O fluxes and mineral N dynamics? Soil Biology & Biochemistry 38, 1757–1763.
| What artificial urine composition is adequate for simulating soil N2O fluxes and mineral N dynamics?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xnt1yltbs%3D&md5=16c89fc48ac0afa37caafb7fdac35a78CAS |
Lambie SM (2011) Soil carbon loss under pasture and pine: responses to urine addition. PhD Thesis, University of Waikato, New Zealand.
Lambie SM, Schipper LA, Balks MR, Baisden WT (2012) Solubilisation of soil carbon following treatment with cow urine under laboratory conditions. Soil Research 50, 50–57.
| Solubilisation of soil carbon following treatment with cow urine under laboratory conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Liang BC, Gregorich EG, Schnitzer M, Schulten HR (1996) Characterization of water extracts of two manures and their adsorption on soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 60, 1758–1763.
| Characterization of water extracts of two manures and their adsorption on soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjsVenuw%3D%3D&md5=0e1110db61425afb8181806f24ea4b59CAS |
Lovell RD, Jarvis SC (1996) Effects of urine on soil microbial biomass, methanogenesis, nitrification and denitrification. Plant and Soil 186, 265–273.
| Effects of urine on soil microbial biomass, methanogenesis, nitrification and denitrification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXntVWjsg%3D%3D&md5=0fd45f579f79b2c8b398a0b97ce3eb63CAS |
McDowell WH, Zsolnay A, Aitkenhead-Peterson JA, Gregorich EG, Jones DL, Jödemann D, Kalbitz K, Marschner B, Schwesig D (2006) A comparison of methods to determine the biodegradable dissolved organic carbon from different terrestrial sources. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 38, 1933–1942.
| A comparison of methods to determine the biodegradable dissolved organic carbon from different terrestrial sources.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xnt1ylu7w%3D&md5=6091ccac515b4d9f25ed7be5e6fac913CAS |
McTiernan KB, Jarvis SC, Scholefield D, Hayes MHB (2001) Dissolved organic carbon losses from grazed grasslands under different management regimes. Water Research 35, 2565–2569.
| Dissolved organic carbon losses from grazed grasslands under different management regimes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXksVSqsbo%3D&md5=1db80040066cd3efd31921aed48e5e9fCAS |
Monaghan RM, Barraclough D (1993) Nitrous oxide and dinitrogen emissions from urine-affected soil under controlled conditions. Plant and Soil 151, 127–138.
| Nitrous oxide and dinitrogen emissions from urine-affected soil under controlled conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmsVyqtr0%3D&md5=3072408b01b5072d87bdbf64ef0b5c88CAS |
Parfitt RL, Mackay A, Ross DJ, Budding PJ (2009) Effects of soil fertility on leaching losses of N, P, and C in hill country. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 52, 69–80.
| Effects of soil fertility on leaching losses of N, P, and C in hill country.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmtVWjtbc%3D&md5=d1a4a273a9593f141e1240e3d8dcf286CAS |
Phillips I, Burton E (2005) Nutrient leaching in undisturbed cores of an acidic sandy Podosol following simultaneous potassium chloride and di-ammonium phosphate application. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 73, 1–14.
| Nutrient leaching in undisturbed cores of an acidic sandy Podosol following simultaneous potassium chloride and di-ammonium phosphate application.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1agsbnE&md5=18e001685cac3098eb9e0bf16713f1f0CAS |
Rayment GE, Higginson FR (1992) ‘Soil pH. Australian laboratory handbook of soil and water chemical methods.’ pp. 17–23. (Inkata Press: Melbourne)
Richards IR, Wolton KM (1976) A note on the properties of urine excreted by grazing cattle. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 27, 426–428.
| A note on the properties of urine excreted by grazing cattle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE28XktFOktL8%3D&md5=0649e39a328daf7177f222367bebe764CAS |
Schipper LA, Baisden WT, Parfitt RL, Ross C, Claydon JJ, Arnold GC (2007) Large losses of soil C and N from soil profiles under pasture in New Zealand during the past 20 years. Global Change Biology 13, 1138–1144.
| Large losses of soil C and N from soil profiles under pasture in New Zealand during the past 20 years.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schipper LA, Parfitt RL, Ross C, Baisden WT, Claydon JJ, Fraser S (2010) Gains and losses in C and N stocks of New Zealand pasture soils depend on land use. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 139, 611–617.
| Gains and losses in C and N stocks of New Zealand pasture soils depend on land use.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjs1eitA%3D%3D&md5=f676ccd55266de25f69fc3ede4b67a2bCAS |
Shand CA, Williams BL, Smith S, Young ME (2000) Temporal changes in C, P and N concentrations in soil solution following application of synthetic sheep urine to a soil under grass. Plant and Soil 222, 1–13.
| Temporal changes in C, P and N concentrations in soil solution following application of synthetic sheep urine to a soil under grass.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtleitr8%3D&md5=941132b4064526bbb507cc9ed1f7399cCAS |
Shepherd M, Menneer J, Ledgard S, Sarathchandra U (2010) Application of carbon additives to reduce nitrogen leaching from cattle urine patches on pasture. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 53, 263–280.
| Application of carbon additives to reduce nitrogen leaching from cattle urine patches on pasture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFWnsLfF&md5=2f1cee82b3904b6b5bd614558c8ef3b8CAS |
Soil Survey Staff (1999) ‘Soil taxonomy: a basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys.’ 2nd edn. Natural Resources Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. (USDA)
Stillwell MA, Woodmansee RG (1981) Chemical transformations of urea-nitrogen and movement of nitrogen in a shortgrass prairie soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 45, 893–898.
| Chemical transformations of urea-nitrogen and movement of nitrogen in a shortgrass prairie soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL38XltFanug%3D%3D&md5=0b4ca9519f73990218ee9a01b8cec2e3CAS |
Uchida Y, Clough TJ, Kelliher FM, Sherlock RR (2008) Effects of aggregate size, soil compaction, and bovine urine on N2O emissions from a pasture soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 40, 924–931.
| Effects of aggregate size, soil compaction, and bovine urine on N2O emissions from a pasture soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhslGqtLs%3D&md5=2161c2ed9ff8d2abcee825d6eb10839fCAS |
