Effects of 15 years of conservation tillage on soil structure and productivity of wheat cultivation in northern China
Hongwen Li A B , Huanwen Gao A , Hongdan Wu A , Wenying Li A , Xiaoyan Wang A and Jin He AA Department of Agricultural Engineering, China Agricultural University, PO Box 46, Beijing 100083, China.
B Corresponding author. Email: lhwen@cau.edu.cn
Australian Journal of Soil Research 45(5) 344-350 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR07003
Submitted: 9 January 2007 Accepted: 5 June 2007 Published: 16 August 2007
Abstract
An understanding of long-term tillage and straw management impact on soil structure and productivity is necessary for the further development of conservation tillage practice in dryland farming areas. Data from a 15-year field experiment conducted in Shanxi, on the loess plateau of northern China, were used to compare the long-term effects of no-till and residue cover (NTSC) with conventional tillage (CT) in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) monoculture.
Long-term CT and straw removal resulted in poor soil structure and low productivity. Mean soil bulk density in NTSC was 1.5% less than in CT and capillary porosity (<60 μm) 3.2% greater. Water stability of macro-aggregates >2 mm was much greater for NTSC in the 0–0.20 m profile. Soil organic matter and total N and P were 27.9%, 25.6%, and 4.4% greater in NTSC, respectively, and earthworms (19/m2) were found only in the no tillage treatment.
Crop yield and water use efficiency tended to be higher under NTSC than under CT, especially in the years of low rainfall, suggesting that the change in soil structure has provided a better environment for crop development. Our 15-year experimental data indicate that NTSC is a more sustainable farming system, which can improve soil structure, and increase productivity with positive environmental impacts in the rainfed dryland farming areas of northern China.
Additional keywords: conservation tillage, dryland farming, wheat, aggregate stability, soil porosity, soil fertility, yield, water use efficiency.
Acknowledgments
This work was financed by Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and Ministry of Agriculture, China. We are grateful to Mr Deng Jing and Zhou Wanrong for managing the field experiment. Also thanks to all the postgraduate students working in Conservation Tillage Research Centre, MOA, who provided their input to this work.
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