Field study of pesticide leaching in a Himatangi sand (Manawatu) and a Kiripaka bouldery clay loam (Northland). 2. Simulation using LEACHM, HYDRUS-1D, GLEAMS, and SPASMO models
Ajit K. Sarmah A D , Murray E. Close B , Liping Pang B , Robert Lee A and Steve R. Green CA Landcare Research NZ Ltd, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton, New Zealand.
B Institute of Environmental Science and Research, PO Box 29-181, Christchurch, New Zealand.
C HortResearch, Private Bag 11-030, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
D Corresponding author. Email: sarmahA@LandcareResearch.co.nz
Australian Journal of Soil Research 43(4) 471-489 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR04040
Submitted: 26 March 2004 Accepted: 5 January 2005 Published: 30 June 2005
Abstract
We applied 5 pesticides, along with bromide as a conservative tracer, at 2 field sites (Northland and Manawatu, North Island of New Zealand), and their distributions in the soil profile were monitored through soil core and suction cup sampling for 18 months. Field-measured values were simulated using LEACHM, HYDRUS-1D, GLEAMS, and SPASMO models and compared against the measured datasets at both these sites. All 4 models predicted the measured dataset for each of the compounds with reasonable degree of accuracy; however, some discrepancies were observed. Prediction by GLEAMS was by far the best, as indicated by the goodness of fit parameters. Pesticide leaching parameters, organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc), and degradation half-life (T1/2) were optimised using the PEST optimisation package. For diazinon and terbuthylazine the parameters obtained for each of the models were generally close to the literature range. However, Koc and T1/2 values for atrazine, hexazinone, and procymidone were found to be slightly lower than the available literature range data.
Additional keywords: models, atrazine, diazinon, hexazinone, procymidone, terbuthylazine, bromide.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Jim Pram, Maungatapere, Northland, and Rob Chrystall, Himatangi, Manawatu, for site access. We thank Danny Thornburrow, Rhonda Fraser, Janine Ryburn, Wim Rijkse, Hugh Wilde, Alex McGill, and David Hunter (Landcare Research), and Greg Stanton and Mark Flintoft (ESR) for assistance with the field work. Dr John L. Hutson of Flinders University of South Australia provided some valuable discussion in the early part of this work. The research was funded by contracts CO9X0017 (Landcare Research) and CO3X0203 (ESR) from the Foundation for Science, Research and Technology (New Zealand).
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