Phylogenetic relationships within Dendroligotrichum and Polytrichadelphus (Polytrichaceae, Polytrichopsida) in the Palaeoaustral region. Studies in austral temperate rainforest bryophytes 32
Michael Stech A D , Tanja Pfeiffer B and Wolfgang Frey CA Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch, PO Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
B Institut für Botanik und Landschaftsökologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Grimmer Straße 88, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
C Institut für Biologie—Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
D Corresponding author. Email: stech@nhn.leidenuniv.nl
Australian Systematic Botany 21(1) 39-49 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB07005
Submitted: 12 Feb 2007 Accepted: 8 October 2007 Published: 3 April 2008
Abstract
Plastid trnT–F and atpB–rbcL spacer sequences as well as AFLP fingerprints are utilised to infer phylogenetic relationships of Dendroligotrichum and Polytrichadelphus taxa (Polytrichaceae) in the palaeoaustral region. Phylogenies based on DNA sequence data support the monophyly of each genus. Relationships within Dendroligotrichum remain ambiguous owing to low sequence divergence. AFLP fingerprinting, however, allows a clear distinction of all included Dendroligotrichum and Polytrichadelphus taxa at the species level. The morphological, distributional, ecological and molecular differences justify the recognition of the following three species in Dendroligotrichum: D. dendroides (Brid. ex Hedw.) Broth. and D. squamosum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Cardot in southern South America, as well as D. microdendron (Müll. Hal.) G.L.Sm. in New Zealand; and the following two species in Polytrichadelphus: P. magellanicus (Hedw.) Mitt. s.str. in southern South America and P. innovans (Müll. Hal.) A.Jäger in Australia and New Zealand. For Polytrichadelphus, the molecular topologies correspond with a vicariance scenario, with a basic split of taxa in the palaeoaustral region followed by migration of southern South American taxa northwards into the Neotropics. In Dendroligotrichum, substitutions and indels in the trnL intron and atpB–rbcL spacer are ambiguous in supporting either a basic split between the South American species and D. microdendron, similar to the one in Polytrichadelphus, or a trans-oceanic dispersal event between New Zealand and southern South America.
Acknowledgements
We express our thanks to the Corporación Nacional Forestal in Chile and the Department of Conservation in New Zealand (Taupo/Tongariro, Nelson Marlborough and West Coast Conservancies) for research permits and logistic support. Sincere thanks are due to the late Dr F. Schaumann for plant material and discussions, to Professor C. Ramirez Garçia (Chile), the late Dr E.O. Campbell, Dr J. E. Beever and Dr W. Malcolm (all New Zealand) for their logistic support, as well as to Ms B. Giesicke for technical assistance. The research was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for the Bryo Austral project.
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