Sustainable livelihoods approach through the lens of the State-and-Transition Model in semi-arid pastoral systems
Marcos H. Easdale A C D and Dardo R. López B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Bariloche, Desarrollo Rural. Modesta Victoria 4450 (8400), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
B INTA, Estación Forestal Villa Dolores, Av. Illia 303 (5870) Villa Dolores, Córdoba, Argentina.
C Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET).
D Corresponding author. Email: easdale.marcos@inta.gob.ar
The Rangeland Journal 38(6) 541-551 https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ15091
Submitted: 9 September 2016 Accepted: 19 October 2016 Published: 14 December 2016
Abstract
Dealing with complex challenges worldwide regarding sustainable development and environmental management requires applied frameworks to understand and manage change in complex social-ecological systems. In this regard, frameworks that have originated from different research arenas such as the State-and-Transition Model and the sustainable livelihoods approach provide a conceptual basis for theory and operative integration. The aim of this paper was to provide a conceptual model for social-ecological research and sustainable management in semi-arid pastoral systems. We suggest integrating the state-and-transition model by including structural and functional features of social-ecological systems into the sustainable livelihoods approach. Both attributes are analysed at a household level in five types of capital that typically comprise social-ecological systems: natural, human, manufactured, social and financial. We propose to perform the structural-functional analysis for each capital as separate sub-systems in order to assess the impact of different disturbance factors. Some implications of this framework are explained by providing an example of the impact of drought in smallholder pastoral systems from semi-arid rangelands of North-West Patagonia, Argentina. This approach is encouraging as a step towards two main challenges: (i) the provision of applied frameworks for social-ecological assessment and management, and (ii) an attempt to bring closer science and decision making.
Additional keywords: disturbance, rangeland, resilience, social-ecological systems, threshold, vulnerability.
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