Register      Login
The Rangeland Journal The Rangeland Journal Society
Journal of the Australian Rangeland Society
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Attention to four key principles can promote health outcomes from desert Aboriginal land management

Jocelyn Davies A H , David Campbell B , Matthew Campbell C , Josie Douglas A D , Hannah Hueneke A , Michael LaFlamme A , Diane Pearson E , Karissa Preuss F G , Jane Walker D G and Fiona Walsh A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, PO Box 2111, Alice Springs, NT 0871, Australia.

B Centre for Remote Health, PO Box 4066, Alice Springs, NT 0871, Australia.

C Remotelink, Office of Remote Services, Alice Springs Campus, Charles Darwin University, Alice Springs, NT 0870, Australia.

D The Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.

E School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Health, Science and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.

F Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.

G Central Land Council, North Stuart Highway, Alice Springs, NT 0870, Australia.

H Corresponding author. Email: jocelyn.davies@csiro.au

The Rangeland Journal 33(4) 417-431 https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ11031
Submitted: 13 May 2011  Accepted: 14 October 2011   Published: 29 November 2011

Abstract

We identify four principles that can promote the prospects of health outcomes for desert Aboriginal people from livelihoods engaged with land management. The principles were derived inductively using a grounded theory approach, drawing on primary research that used qualitative and participatory methods, and from relevant literature and theoretical frameworks. International and Australian literature offers evidence that supports desert Aboriginal people’s view that their health depends on their relationship with their land. Engagement with land management can lead desert Aboriginal people to feel that their own actions are consistent with their own sense of the right and proper way for them to behave towards land, family and community. This increased ‘sense of control’ impacts positively on health by moderating the impact of sustained stress from health risk factors in the environment and lifestyle. The four principles focus on underlying characteristics of Aboriginal land management that are important to promoting this increased ‘sense of control’: (1) Aboriginal land management governance recognises and respects Aboriginal custom and tradition, and is adaptive; (2) learning is embraced as a life-long process; (3) relationships are recognised as very important; and (4) partnerships give priority to doing things that all parties agree are important. These principles are presented as hypotheses that warrant further development and testing. While they do not account specifically for the impact of lifestyle and environmental factors on health, we expect that the increased sense of control that desert Aboriginal people are likely to develop when involved in Aboriginal land management that applies these principles will moderate the impact of such factors on their health. The principles offer a starting point for further development of criteria and standards for good practice in Aboriginal land management, potentially including an environmental certification scheme that integrates social and environmental outcomes.

Additional keywords: community-based conservation, environmental certification, Indigenous development, natural resource management, scoping economies.


References

ABS (2010). 22 December 2010. Remoteness structure. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Available at: www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/home/remoteness+structure (accessed 13 May 2011).

Ah Mat, R. (2003). The moral case for Indigenous capitalism. In: ‘Native Title on the Ground. Presented at AIATSIS Native Title Conference’. 3–5 June 2003. Alice Springs. Available at: www.aiatsis.gov.au/ntru/nativetitleconference/conf2003/papers/ahmat.pdf (accessed 3 October 2011).

Altman, J., Buchanan, G., and Larsen, L. (2007). ‘The Environmental Significance of the Indigenous Estate: Natural Resource Management as Economic Development in Remote Australia.’ CAEPR Discussion Paper No. 286/2007. (Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, ANU: Canberra.)

Anderson-Smith, B. (2008). Exploring engagement between Indigenous communities and government: lessons for Country management. Bachelor of Arts (Development Studies) with Human Geography, Honours Thesis, Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

Andreasyan, K., and Hoy, W. E. (2009). Patterns of mortality in Indigenous adults in the Northern Territory, 1998–2003: are people living in remote areas worse off? The Medical Journal of Australia 190, 307–311.

Armitage, D. (2007). Building resilient livelihoods through adaptive co-management: the role of adaptive capcity. In: ‘Adaptive Co-management: Collaboration, Learning and Multi-level Governance’. (Eds D. Armitage, F. Berkes and N. C. Doubleday.) pp. 62–82. (UBC Press: Vancouver, Toronto.)

Armitage, D., Marschke, M., and Plummer, R. (2008). Adaptive co-management and the paradox of learning. Global Environmental Change 18, 86–98.
Adaptive co-management and the paradox of learning.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Armitage, D. R., Plummer, R., Berkes, F., Arthur, R. I., Charles, A. T., Davidson-Hunt, I. J., Diduck, A. P., Doubleday, N. C., Johnson, D. S., Marschke, M., McConney, P., Pinkerton, E. W., and Wollenberg, E. K. (2009). Adaptive co-management for social-ecological complexity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7, 95–102.
Adaptive co-management for social-ecological complexity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bastin, G., and ACRIS Management Committee (2008) Rangelands 2008 – Taking the Pulse. Australian Collaborative Rangeland Information System: Reporting Change in the Rangelands.’ Published on behalf of the ACRIS Management Committee. (The National Land and Water Resources Audit: Canberra.)

Berkes, F. (2007). Community based conservation in a globalised world. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, 15188–15193.
Community based conservation in a globalised world.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFagtb7J&md5=027a9c552813dd7e567c46ac58535decCAS |

Berkes, F. (2009). Evolution of co-management: role of knowledge generation, bridging organizations and social learning. Journal of Environmental Management 90, 1692–1702.
Evolution of co-management: role of knowledge generation, bridging organizations and social learning.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Berkes, F., Colding, J., and Folke, C. (2000). Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management. Ecological Applications 10, 1251–1262.
Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Berkes, F., Colding, J., and Folke, C., (Eds) (2003). ‘Navigating Social-ecological Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change.’ (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)

Berry, H. L., Butler, J. R. A., Burgess, C. P., King, U., Tsey, K., Cadet-James, Y. L., Rigby, C. W., and Raphael, B. (2010). Mind, body, spirit: co-benefits for mental health from climate change adaptation and caring for country in remote Aboriginal Australian communities. NSW Public Health Bulletin 21, 139–145.
Mind, body, spirit: co-benefits for mental health from climate change adaptation and caring for country in remote Aboriginal Australian communities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bradley, J. (2001). Landscapes of the mind, landscapes of the spirit: negotiating a sentient landscape. In: ‘Working on Country: Contemporary Indigenous Management of Australia’s Lands and Coastal Regions’. (Eds R. Baker, J. Davies and E. Young.) pp. 295–307. (Oxford University Press: South Melbourne.)

Brahim, K. (2007). Creating livelihoods through Indigenous Protected Areas: the Nantawarrina experience. BEnvMgt (Hons) Thesis, School of Geography, Population and Environmental Management, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.

Brown, D., Taylor, J., and Bell, M. (2008). The demography of desert Australia. The Rangeland Journal 30, 29–43.
The demography of desert Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmt1Shurg%3D&md5=cb6b34ad5cc4aac76454eef2e1d260deCAS |

Burgess, C. P., Johnston, F. H., Bowman, D. M. J. S., and Whitehead, P. J. (2005). Healthy country: healthy people? Exploring the health benefits of Indigenous natural resource management. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 29, 117–122.
Healthy country: healthy people? Exploring the health benefits of Indigenous natural resource management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M3nt12gsQ%3D%3D&md5=f04041388503902315aa55955a6c8993CAS |

Burgess, C. P., Johnston, F. H., Berry, H., McDonnell, J., Yibarbuk, D., Gunabarra, C., Mileran, A., and Bailie, R. (2009). Healthy country healthy people: superior Indigenous health outcomes are associated with ‘Caring for Country’. The Medical Journal of Australia 190, 567–572.

Burt, R. (2005). ‘Brokerage and Closure: an Introduction to Social Capital.’ (Oxford University Press: New York.)

Campbell, D. (2011). Application of an integrated multidisciplinary economic welfare approach to improved wellbeing through Aboriginal caring for country. The Rangeland Journal 33, 365–372.

Campbell, D., Davies, J., and Wakerman, J. (2008). Facilitating complementary inputs and scoping economies in the joint supply of health and environmental services in Aboriginal central Australia. Rural and Remote Health 8, 1010.

Campbell, D., Burgess, P., Garnett, S. T., and Wakerman, J. (2011). Potential primary health care savings for chronic disease associated with Australian Aboriginal involvement in land management. Health Policy 99, 83–89.
Potential primary health care savings for chronic disease associated with Australian Aboriginal involvement in land management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Cass, A., Cunningham, J., Snelling, P., Wang, Z. Q., and Hoy, W. (2004). Exploring the pathways leading from disadvantage to end-stage renal disease for Indigenous Australians. Social Science & Medicine 58, 767–785.
Exploring the pathways leading from disadvantage to end-stage renal disease for Indigenous Australians.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Central Land Council (2011). Project principles and special purpose permits. Available at: www.clc.org.au/onlinepermits/specialpurposeprinciples.aspx (accessed 11 October 2010).

Chapman, A. R. (2010). The social determinants of health, health equity and human rights. Health and Human Rights Journal 12, 17–30.

Daniel, M., Lekkas, P., and Cargo, M. (2010). Environments and cardiometabolic diseases in aboriginal populations. Heart Lung and Circulation 19, 306–315.
Environments and cardiometabolic diseases in aboriginal populations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Davies, J., Higginbottom, K., Noack, D., Ross, H., and Young, E. (1999). ‘Sustaining Eden: Indigenous community based wildlife management in Australia.’ Evaluating Eden Series No. 1. (International Institute for Environment and Development: London.) Available at: www.eniar.org/news/pdfs/Sustaining%20Eden.pdf (accessed 15 June 2010).

Davies, J., White, J., Wright, A., Maru, Y., and LaFlamme, M. (2008). Applying the sustainable livelihoods approach in Australian desert Aboriginal development. The Rangeland Journal 30, 55–65.
Applying the sustainable livelihoods approach in Australian desert Aboriginal development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Davies, J., Campbell, D., Campbell, M., Douglas, J., Hueneke, H., LaFlamme, M., Pearson, D., Preuss, K., Walker, J., and Walsh, F. J. (2010a). ‘Livelihoods inLand: promoting health and wellbeing outcomes from desert Aboriginal land management.’ Desert Knowledge CRC Report No. 78. (Ninti One Ltd: Alice Springs.) Available at: www.nintione.com.au/resource/NintiOneResearchReport_78_LivelihoodsInLand.pdf (accessed 3 October 2011).

Davies, J., Maru, Y., Hueneke, H., Grey-Gardner, R., and Chewings, V. (2010b). ‘Outback livelihoods: employment, sustainable livelihoods and development in Anmatjere region, central Australia.’ Desert Knowledge CRC Report No. 61. (Desert Knowledge CRC: Alice Springs.) Available at: www.desertknowledgecrc.com.au/resource/dkcrc-report-61-outback-livelihoods_employment-sustainable-livelihoods-and-development-in-anmatjere-region-central-australia.pdf (accessed 17 October 2011).

De Haan, L. J. (2000). Globalization, localization and sustainable livelihoods. Sociologia Ruralis 40, 339–365.
Globalization, localization and sustainable livelihoods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre (2007). ‘Protocol for Aboriginal knowledge and intellectual property.’ (Desert Knowledge CRC: Alice Springs.) Available at: www.desertknowledgecrc.com.au/resource/DKCRC-Aboriginal-Intellectual-Property-Protocol.pdf (accessed 11 October 2011).

Dietz, T., Ostrom, E., and Stern, P. C. (2003). The struggle to govern the commons. Science 302, 1907–1912.
The struggle to govern the commons.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXps1amsLk%3D&md5=e51173d53c5b77870ce00c759d0f6f05CAS |

Dockery, A. M. (2010). Culture and wellbeing: the case of Indigenous Australians. Social Indicators Research 99, 315–332.
Culture and wellbeing: the case of Indigenous Australians.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Dodson, M., and Smith, D. E. (2003). ‘Governance for Sustainable Development: Strategic Issues and Principles for Indigenous Australian Communities.’ Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper No. 250/2003. (CAEPR, ANU: Canberra.)

Douglas, J. (2011). ‘Learning from Country: the value of country visits in remote schools for community engagement and natural and cultural resource management.’ Desert Knowledge CRC Report 69. (Ninti One Ltd: Alice Springs.) Available at: www.nintione.com.au/resource/NintiOneResearchReport_69_Thevalueofcountryvisitsinremoteschools.pdf (accessed 3 October 2011).

FCA (1999). ‘Hayes v Northern Territory.’ FCA 1248. 9 September 1999. Federal Court of Australia. Available at: www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/federal_ct/1999/1248.html (accessed 18 November 2008).

Ferrie, J. E. (2004). ‘Work Stress and Health: The Whitehall II Study.’ (CCSU/Cabinet Office: London.)

Folke, C., Colding, J., and Berkes, F. (2003). Synthesis: building resilience and adaptive capacity in social-ecological systems. In: ‘Navigating Social-ecological Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change’. (Eds F. Berkes, J. Colding and C. Folke.) pp. 352–387. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)

Gerritsen, R., and Straton, A. (2006). Coping with a tragedy of the Australian Aboriginal common. In: ‘Adapting Rules for Sustainable Resource Use’. (Eds A. Smajgl and S. Larson.) pp. 173–188. (CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems: Townsville.)

Glatzer, B. G., and Strauss, A. L. (1967). ‘The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research.’ (Aldine Transactions: London.)

Gruen, R. L., Elliott, J. H., Nolan, M. L., Lawton, P. D., Parkhill, A., McLaren, C. J., and Lavis, J. N. (2008). Sustainability science: an integrated approach for health-programme planning. Lancet 372, 1579–1589.
Sustainability science: an integrated approach for health-programme planning.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Howitt, R. (2001). ‘Rethinking Natural Resource Management: Justice, Sustainability and Indigenous Peoples.’ (Routledge: London and New York.)

Hunt, J. (2005). ‘Capacity Development in the International Context.’ Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research Working Paper 278. (CAEPR, ANU: Canberra.)

Hunt, J., Altman, J., and May, K. (2009). ‘Social Benefits of Aboriginal Engagement in Natural Resource Management.’ CAEPR Working Paper 60. (Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, ANU: Canberra.)

Hunter, B. H. (2004). ‘Taming the Social Capital Hydra? Indigenous Poverty, Social Capital Theory and Measurement.’ (CAEPR, ANU: Canberra.)

Jeremy, R. W., and Brown, A. (2010). Measuring the gap: it may well be worse than we thought. Heart Lung and Circulation 19, 695–696.
Measuring the gap: it may well be worse than we thought.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Johns, T., and Eyzaguirre, P. B. (2006). Linking biodiversity, diet and health in policy and practice. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 65, 182–189.
Linking biodiversity, diet and health in policy and practice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Johnston, F. H., Jacups, S. P., Vickery, A. J., and Bowman, D. M. J. S. (2007). Ecohealth and Aboriginal testimony of the nexus between human health and place. EcoHealth 4, 489–499.
Ecohealth and Aboriginal testimony of the nexus between human health and place.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Kingsley, J., Townsend, M., Phillips, R., and Aldous, D. (2009). If the land is healthy…it makes the people healthy: the relationship between caring for country and health for the Yorta Yorta Nation, Boonwurrung and Bangerang Tribes. Health & Place 15, 291–299.
If the land is healthy…it makes the people healthy: the relationship between caring for country and health for the Yorta Yorta Nation, Boonwurrung and Bangerang Tribes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Kristenson, M., Eriksen, H. R., Sluiter, J. K., Starke, D., and Ursin, H. (2004). Psychobiological mechanisms of socioeconomic differences in health. Social Science & Medicine 58, 1511–1522.
Psychobiological mechanisms of socioeconomic differences in health.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c%2FlvFekuw%3D%3D&md5=6c6aed6a4f28eb7a6780e473cb659e8aCAS |

Kumar, R. (2005). ‘Research Methodology.’ (Pearson Education Australia: Frenchs Forest.)

LaFlamme, M. (2010). ‘Stories in land: sustaining country and culture together.’ RIRDC Publication 10/024. (Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation: Canberra.) Available at: https://rirdc.infoservices.com.au/downloads/10-024.pdf (accessed 29 July 2010).

LaFlamme, M. (2011a). ‘Learning journeys: seven steps to stronger remote communities.’ Report No. 77. (Desert Knowledge CRC: Alice Springs.) Available at: www.desertknowledgecrc.com.au/resource/dkcrc-report-77-learning-journeys.pdf (accessed 3 October 2011).

LaFlamme, M. (2011b). A framework for sustainable rangeland livelihoods. The Rangeland Journal 33, 339–351.

Lane, M. B. (1997). Aboriginal participation in environmental planning. Australian Geographical Studies 35, 308–323.
Aboriginal participation in environmental planning.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lauer, M., and Aswani, S. (2009). Indigenous ecological knowledge as situated practices: understanding fishers’ knowledge in the Western Solomon Islands. American Anthropologist 111, 317–329.
Indigenous ecological knowledge as situated practices: understanding fishers’ knowledge in the Western Solomon Islands.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lockwood, M. (2010). Good governance for terrestrial protected areas: a framework, principles and performance outcomes. Journal of Environmental Management 91, 754–766.
Good governance for terrestrial protected areas: a framework, principles and performance outcomes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Luckert, M. K., Campbell, B. M., Gorman, J. T., and Garnett, S. T. (2007). ‘Investing in indigenous natural resource management.’ (Charles Darwin University Press: Darwin.)

Marmot, M. (2007). Achieving health equity: from root causes to fair outcomes. Lancet 370, 1153–1163.
Achieving health equity: from root causes to fair outcomes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Maru, Y., and Davies, J. (2011). Supporting cross-cultural brokers is essential for employment among Aboriginal people in remote Australia. The Rangeland Journal 33, 327–338.

McDermott, R., O’Dea, K., Rowley, K., Knight, S., and Burgess, P. (1998). Beneficial impact of the homelands movement on health outcomes in central Australian Aborigines. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 22, 653–658.
Beneficial impact of the homelands movement on health outcomes in central Australian Aborigines.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FmsFyjtA%3D%3D&md5=5771db0331fdcafeef9235e7b8425606CAS |

McLain, R. J., and Lee, R. G. (1996). Adaptive management: promises and pitfalls. Environmental Management 20, 437–448.
Adaptive management: promises and pitfalls.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Moran, M., and Elvin, R. (2009). Coping with complexity: adaptive governance in desert Australia. GeoJournal 74, 415–428.
Coping with complexity: adaptive governance in desert Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Morice, R. D. (1976). Woman dancing dreaming: psychosocial benefits of the Aboriginal outstation movement. The Medical Journal of Australia 2, 939–942.
| 1:STN:280:DyaE2s7itlersA%3D%3D&md5=16f62582c5fb118ce202e5e87d9c58a1CAS |

Morphy, F. (2008). Redefining viability: Aboriginal homelands communities in north-east Arnhem Land. The Australian Journal of Social Issues 43, 381–396.

Muir, C., Rose, D., and Sullivan, P. (2010). From the other side of the knowledge frontier: Indigenous knowledge, social-ecological relationships and perspectives. The Rangeland Journal 32, 259–265.

Myers, F. (1991). ‘Pintubi Country, Pintubi Self: Sentiment, Place, and Politics among Western Desert Aborigines.’ (University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles.)

O’Dea, K. (1984). Marked improvement in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic Australian Aborigines after temporary reversion to traditional lifestyle. Diabetes 33, 596–603.
Marked improvement in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic Australian Aborigines after temporary reversion to traditional lifestyle.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DyaL2c3gvFCmuw%3D%3D&md5=72d4fe2951ac881021f6ff8b35a062b6CAS |

O’Dea, K., White, N. G., and Sinclair, A. J. (1988). An investigation of nutrition-related risk factors in an isolated Aboriginal community in Northern Australia: advantages of a traditionally-orientated life-style. The Medical Journal of Australia 148, 177–180.
| 1:STN:280:DyaL1c7itFynug%3D%3D&md5=b974e3753cb0506a5d871f67851a44fdCAS |

Olsson, P., Folke, C., and Berkes, F. (2004). Adaptive comanagement for building resilience in social-ecological systems. Environmental Management 34, 75–90.
Adaptive comanagement for building resilience in social-ecological systems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ostrom, E. (1990). ‘Governing the Commons.’ (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)

Ostrom, E. (2005). ‘Understanding Institutional Diversity.’ (Princeton University Press: Princeton.)

Ostrom, E., Dietz, T., Dolsak, N., Stern, P. C., Stonich, S., and Weber, E. U. (2002). ‘The Drama of the Commons.’ (National Academy Press: Washington, DC.)

Parlee, B., Berkes, F., and Gwich’in, T. i. (2005). Health of the land, health of the people: a case study on Gwich’in berry harvesting in Northern Canada. EcoHealth 2, 127–137.
Health of the land, health of the people: a case study on Gwich’in berry harvesting in Northern Canada.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Pawu-Kurlpurlurnu, W. J., Holmes, M., and Box, L. A. (2008). ‘Ngurra-kurlu: a way of working with Warlpiri people.’ DKCRC Report 41. (Desert Knowledge CRC: Alice Springs.) Available at: www.desertknowledgecrc.com.au/resource/DKCRC-Report-41-Ngurra-kurlu.pdf (accessed 17 October 2011).

Peterson, N., and Taylor, J. (2003). The modernising of the indigenous domestic moral economy. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology 4, 105–122.
The modernising of the indigenous domestic moral economy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of Sociology 24, 1–24.
Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Preuss, K., Dixon, M., and Young, J. (2012). Two-way land management in the Southern Tanami. Ecological Management & Restoration 13, .

Putnis, A., Josif, P., and Woodward, E. (2007). ‘Healthy country, healthy people: supporting Indigenous engagement in the sustainable management of Northern Territory land and seas.’ (CSIRO: Darwin.) Available at: www.csiro.au/files/files/plbc.pdf (accessed15 June 2010).

Rea, N., and Messner, J. (2008). Constructing Aboriginal NRM livelihoods: Anmatyerr employment in water management. The Rangeland Journal 30, 85–93.
Constructing Aboriginal NRM livelihoods: Anmatyerr employment in water management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Rea, N., Messner, J., and Gipey, C. (2008). ‘The character of Aboriginal training pathways: a local perspective.’ Research Report 34. (Desert Knowledge CRC: Alice Springs.) Available at: www.desertknowledgecrc.com.au/resource/DKCRC-Report-34-Character-Aboriginal-Training-Pathways.pdf (accessed 15 June 2010).

Richmond, C. A. M., and Ross, N. A. (2009). The determinants of First Nation and Inuit health: a critical population health approach. Health & Place 15, 403–411.
The determinants of First Nation and Inuit health: a critical population health approach.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Rose, B. (1995). ‘Land Management Issues: Attitudes and Perceptions amongst the Aboriginal People of Central Australia.’ (Central Land Council: Alice Springs.)

Rose, C. M. (2002). Common property, regulatory property and environmental protection: comparing community based management to tradable environmental allowances. In: ‘The Drama of the Commons’. (Eds E. Ostrom, T. Dietz, N. Dolsak, P. C. Stern, S. Stonich and E. U. Weber.) pp. 233–259. (National Academy Press: Washington, DC.)

Rose, D. B. (2006). Indigenous water philosophy in an uncertain land. In: ‘From Disaster Response to Risk Management: Australia’s National Drought Policy’. (Eds A.-S. Wang, G. Berz, O. González-Ferrán, C. Lomnitz, T. S. Murty, A. H. Mushkatel, J. Nigg, A. V. Nikolaev, P. M. Thompson, L. C. Botterill and D. A. Wilhite.) pp. 37–50. (Springer: Dordrecht.)

Rouja, P. M., Dewailly, E., Blanchet, C., and Bardi, C. (2003). Fat, fishing patterns, and health among the Bardi People of North Western Australia. Lipids 38, 399–405.
Fat, fishing patterns, and health among the Bardi People of North Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvFShs78%3D&md5=f656a11c6fcce5f1d1caa688055c055dCAS |

Rowley, K. G., O’Dea, K., Anderson, I., McDermott, R., Saraswati, K., Tilmouth, R., Roberts, I., Fitz, J., Wang, Z. M., Jenkins, A., Best, J. D., Wang, Z., and Brown, A. (2008). Lower than expected morbidity and mortality for an Australian Aboriginal population: 10-year follow-up in a decentralised community. The Medical Journal of Australia 188, 283–287.

Samson, C., and Pretty, J. (2006). Environmental and health benefits of hunting lifestvles and diets for the Innu of Labrador. Food Policy 31, 528–553.
Environmental and health benefits of hunting lifestvles and diets for the Innu of Labrador.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Scoones, I. (1998). ‘Sustainable rural livelihoods: a framework for analysis.’ IDS Working Paper 72. (Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex: Brighton, UK.) Available at: www.ntd.co.uk/idsbookshop/details.asp?id=419 (accessed 26 April 2011).

SCRGSP (Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision) (2009). ‘Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage: Key Indicators 2009.’ (Productivity Commission: Canberra.) Available at: www.pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/90129/key-indicators-2009.pdf (accessed 10 April 2010).

Scrimgeour, D. (2007). Town or country: which is best for Australia’s Indigenous peoples. The Medical Journal of Australia 186, 532–533.

Sen, A. (1997). Editorial: human capital and human capability. World Development 25, 1959–1961.
Editorial: human capital and human capability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sithole, B., Hunter-Xenie, H., Williams, L., Saegenschnitter, J., Yibarbuk, D., Ryan, M., Campion, O., Yunupingu, B., Liddy, M., Watts, E., Daniels, C., Daniels, G., Christophersen, P., Cubillo, V., Phillips, E., Marika, W., Jackson, D., and Barbour, W. (2008). ‘Aboriginal land and sea management in the Top End: a community-driven evaluation.’ (CSIRO: Darwin.) Available at: www.csiro.au/files/files/plcc.pdf (accessed10 July 2008).

Smyth, D. (2007). Dhimurru Indigenous Protected Area: sole management with partners. In: ‘Indigenous Partnerships in Protected Area Management in Australia: Three Case Studies’. (Eds T. Bauman and D. Smyth.) pp. 100–125. (AIATSIS and The Australian Collaboration funded by the Poola Foundation (Tom Kantor Fund): Canberra.)

Smyth, A., Davies, J., Gorddard, R., Whitten, S., Brandle, R., Coggan, A., Edwards, R., Fleming, M., Gambold, N., Maloney, J., Read, J., and Yunus, F. (2007). ‘Enabling the market: incentives for biodiversity in the rangelands.’ DKCRC Research Report 18. (Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre: Alice Springs.) Available at: www.desertknowledgecrc.com.au/resource/DKCRC-Report-18-Enabling-the-Market_Incentives-for-Biodiversity.pdf (accessed 15 June 2010).

Stafford Smith, M. (2008). The ‘desert syndrome’ – causally-linked factors that characterise outback Australia. The Rangeland Journal 30, 3–14.
The ‘desert syndrome’ – causally-linked factors that characterise outback Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Sutton, P. (1998). ‘Native Title and the Descent of Rights.’ (National Native Title Tribunal: Perth.)

Trigger, D. (2005). Mining projects in remote Aboriginal Australia: site for the articulation and contesting of economic and cultural futures. In: ‘Culture, Economy and Governance in Aboriginal Australia. Proceedings of a workshop held at the University of Sydney, 30 November to 1 December 2004. Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia and the Department of Anthropology, University of Sydney’. (Eds D. Austin-Broos and G. Macdonald.) pp. 41–62. (University of Sydney Press: Sydney.)

Turner, M. K. (2005). ‘Everything Comes From the Land.’ (Institute for Aboriginal Development Press: Alice Springs.)

Ursin, H., and Eriksen, H. R. (2010). Cognitive activation theory of stress (CATS). Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 34, 877–881.
Cognitive activation theory of stress (CATS).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Vaarzon-Morel, P. (2010). Changes in Aboriginal perceptions of feral camels and of their impacts and management. The Rangeland Journal 32, 73–85.
Changes in Aboriginal perceptions of feral camels and of their impacts and management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Venkatapuram, S., Bell, R., and Marmot, M. (2010). The right to sutures: social epidemiology, human rights, and social justice. Health and Human Rights Journal 12, 3–16.

Wakerman, J., and Mitchell, J. (2005). ‘Intersectoral collaboration: what are the factors that contribute to success?’ DK CRC Research Report 01. (Desert Knowledge CRC: Alice Springs.) Available at: www.desertknowledgecrc.com.au/resource/DKCRC-Report-01-Intersectoral-Collaboration.pdf (accessed 10 December 2010).

Walker, J. (2011). Processes for effective management: learning from the Northern Tanami IPA. PhD Thesis, School of Social Policy, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.

Walker, B., and Salt, D. (2006). ‘Resilience Thinking: Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World.’ (Island Press: Washington.)

Walsh, F. (2009). To hunt and to hold: Martu Aboriginal people’s uses and knowledge of their country, with implications for co-management in Karlamilyi (Rudall River) National Park and the Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia. PhD Thesis, Anthropology and Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.

Walsh, F., and Davies, J. (2011). ‘Our work is about learning, colleagues, culture and place: Aboriginal employment at the Alice Springs Desert Park.’ Desert Knowledge CRC Report No. 72. (Ninti One Ltd: Alice Springs.) Available at: www.nintione.com.au/resource/NintiOneResearchReport_72_AboriginalemploymentatAliceSpringsDesertParkLR.pdf (accessed 3 October 2011).

Walsh, F., and Douglas, J. (2011). No bush foods without people: the essential human dimension to the sustainability of trade in native plant products from desert Australia. The Rangeland Journal 33, 395–416.

Walsh, F., and Mitchell, P. (2002). ‘Planning for Country: Cross-cultural Approaches to Decision-making on Aboriginal Lands.’ (Jukurrpa Books: Alice Springs.)

Waylen, K. A., Fischer, A., McGowan, P. J. K., Thirgood, S. J., and Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2010). Effect of local cultural context on the success of community-based conservation interventions. Conservation Biology 24, 1119–1129.
Effect of local cultural context on the success of community-based conservation interventions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Whitehead, P. J., Russell-Smith, J., and Cooke, P. (2009). Fire management futures: new options for environmental and socioeconomic benefit. In: ‘Culture, Ecology and Economy of Fire Management in North Australian Savannas’. (Eds J. Russell-Smith, P. J. Whitehead and P. Cooke.) pp. 379–394. (CSIRO Publishing: Canberra.)

WHO (World Health Organization) (1948). Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June 1946; entered into force on 7 April 1948. Available at: www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.htm (accessed l2 August 2010).

Wilson, K. (2003). Therapeutic landscapes and First Nations peoples: an exploration of culture, health and place. Health & Place 9, 83–93.
Therapeutic landscapes and First Nations peoples: an exploration of culture, health and place.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wilson, K., and Rosenberg, M. W. (2002). Exploring the determinants of health for First Nations peoples in Canada: can existing frameworks accommodate traditional activities? Social Science & Medicine 55, 2017–2031.
Exploring the determinants of health for First Nations peoples in Canada: can existing frameworks accommodate traditional activities?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wilson, G., Edwards, M. J., and Smits, J. K. (2010). Support for Indigenous wildlife management in Australia to enable sustainable use. Wildlife Research 37, 255–263.
Support for Indigenous wildlife management in Australia to enable sustainable use.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Woolcock, M., and Narayan, D. (2000). Social capital: implications for development theory, research, and policy. The World Bank Research Observer 15, 225–249.

Young, E. (1987). Resettlement and caring for the country: the Anmatyerre experience. Aboriginal History 11, 156–170.