Capacity of Trolox to improve the development and quality of metabolically compromised bovine oocytes and embryos in vitro during different windows of development
J. De Bie
A , A. Smits B , W. F. A. Marei B C and J. L. M. R. Leroy B D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
B Gamete Research Centre, Laboratory for Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
C Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
D Corresponding author. Email: jo.leroy@uantwerpen.be
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33(4) 291-304 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD20194
Submitted: 21 August 2020 Accepted: 1 December 2020 Published: 12 February 2021
Abstract
Trials to improve oocyte developmental competence under metabolic stress by using antioxidants may start before or after oocyte maturation. In the present conceptual study, we aimed to identify the most efficient timing of antioxidant application in relation to a metabolic insult using a bovine in vitro embryo production model. Pathophysiological concentrations of palmitic acid (PA) were used to induce metabolic stress during oocyte maturation or embryo development. Trolox (TR; antioxidant) treatment prior to, during or after the PA insult was tested to evaluate the protective, neutralising and rescuing capacity of TR respectively. Changes in embryo developmental competence, mitochondrial activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations, blastocyst cell allocation and apoptosis and cell stress-related gene expression were monitored. The improvement in developmental capacity was most obvious when oocytes were preloaded with TR before the PA insult. This protective effect could be explained by the observed combination of increased mitochondrial activity with reduced ROS production. This resulted in blastocysts with normal cell counts and apoptosis, as well as increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression (a marker for redox regulatory processes) and normalised the expression of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis. These results indicate that ‘pretreatment’ of oocytes with antioxidants produces embryos that seem to be more resilient to a metabolic stress insult.
Keywords: fatty acid, fertility, IVM, oxidative stress.
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