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Leptin in reproduction and hypertension in pregnancy

Harbindar Singh, Fayez Almabhouh , Hisham Al-shaikhli , Maryam Hassan, Suzanna Daud, Rosfayati Othman, Muhd Fakh Md Salleh

Abstract

Leptin has important roles in numerous physiological functions, including those in the regulation of energy balance, and in immune and reproductive systems. In the recent years, however, evidence is implicating it in a number of obesity-related diseases, where its levels in serum are significantly elevated. Elevated serum leptin levels and increased placental leptin secretion are reported in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Whether leptin is responsible for this disorder remains to be established. Leptin injections in healthy rats and mice during pregnancy result in endothelial activation, increased blood pressure and proteinuria. A potential role for leptin in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is hypothesised, particularly in women who are overweight or obese where serum leptin levels are often elevated. This review summarises pertinent information in the literature on the role of leptin in puberty, pregnancy, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. In particular, the possible mechanism that may be involved in leptin-induced increase in blood pressure and proteinuria during pregnancy and the potential role of marinobufagenin in this disease entity. We hypothesise a significant role for oxidative stress in this, and propose a conceptual framework on the events that lead to endothelial activation, raised blood pressure and proteinuria following leptin administration.

RD24060  Accepted 27 June 2024

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