Unlike most mammals, rooster sperm maturation is not completed in the epididymis; it continues along the vas deferens where they obtain fertilising capabilities such as motility. However, neither study has monitored the chromatin compaction (necessary for protecting DNA) of rooster sperm along the vas deferens. We observed that the transit along the vas deferens results in a high percentage of spermatozoa with compacted chromatin; the histological analysis of vas deferens confirmed the presence of secretory cells, possibly related to sperm maturation.

Repeated controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is a critical step in infertility treatment. However, it can lead to decreased oocyte quality. This study aims to observe the potential effect of NAC, a potent antioxidant, on oocyte quality in mice with repeated COH. We found NAC addition rises oocyte mitochondria function and improves oocyte quality by decreasing the oxidative stress in mice with repeated COH. This study provides a meaningful foundation for the future clinical application of NAC during repeated COH.