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Vertebrate reproductive science and technology
REVIEW

Involvement of extracellular vesicle-encapsulated miRNAs in human reproductive disorders: a systematic review

Isabel Barranco A * , Albert Salas-Huetos B C D , Angel Berlanga B C , Marcella Spinaci A , Marc Yeste https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2209-340X B C and Jordi Ribas-Maynou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2044 B C *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

B Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.

C Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.

D Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.


Handling Editor: Alison Care

Reproduction, Fertility and Development 34(11) 751-775 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD21301
Published online: 9 May 2022

© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as essential players in cell-to-cell communication, particularly having an active regulating role in biological systems. Because reproductive-associated processes are not exempt of this communication, multiple studies have been devoted to this realm, focusing on gamete maturation, embryo implantation or fetal development. The aim of the present review was to comprehensively and systematically collect evidence about the function of the microRNA (miRNA) encapsulated in EVs isolated from different reproductive tissues or fluids in reproductive-related diseases. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of the literature published in MEDLINE-PubMed until the end of February 2021. After selection, 32 studies were included in the qualitative review comparing the miRNA expression profile in EVs between different pathological disorders. Most reports showed the potential of the miRNAs carried by EVs to be used as putative biomarkers of reproductive disorders, including pregnancy affections, disease progression and quality of preimplantation embryos. The most relevant miRNAs were found to be highly heterogeneous among studies, with some conflicting results. Further research is thus warranted to address whether cofounding factors, such as the methods to isolate EVs and miRNAs, the subset of EVs, the criteria of patient selection, the timing of sample retrieval, or any other factor, may explain the inconsistencies between studies.

Keywords: assisted reproduction, exosomes, extracellular vesicles, microRNAs, microvesicles, reproduction, reproductive disorders, sperm.


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