262 ASSESSMENT OF HSP70-1 TRANSCRIPTION LEVELS IN IMMATURE OOCYTES FROM BOS TAURUS AND BOS INDICUS COWS RAISED IN A TROPICAL CLIMATE

Abstract

Heat stress is one of the main causes of low conception rate in Bos taurus cows in a tropical climate. On the other hand, in this environment, oocytes from Bos indicus show greater developmental capacity after in vitro fertilization than those from Bos taurus, suggesting an adaptation to the hot climate. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are chaperones that promote protection against heat damage, and their transcription is associated to stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of HSP70-1 gene (Genbank NM174550), a member of HSP family, in oocytes from Bos taurus (Holstein) and Bos indicus (Gyr) cows raised in the tropical climate located at 21°35′′S latitude, 43°51′′W longitude, and 435 m altitude. Cumulus–oocyte complexes were recovered by oocyte pickup from mature non-lactating Holstein (n = 4) and Gyr (n = 4) donor cows during the hot season. Cumulus cells of viable oocytes were removed by vortexing in TALP-HEPES plus BSA, and pools (3 for each breed) with 12 immature oocytes were rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen and subsequently thawed for RNA extraction. Total RNA extraction was performed using Rneasy^® Micro kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA), and first strands were synthesized using Superscript^TM III First Strand Synthesis kit (Invitrogen, Chicago, IL, USA). Relative quantification was performed in duplicate using real-time PCR (ABI Prism^® 7000; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA); reactions consisted of a mixture of iTaq^TM SYBR^® Green Supermix with ROX (Bio-Rad, Waltham, MA, USA) and cDNA equivalent to 1.2 oocytes and gene specific primers. Expression of the GAPDH gene was used as endogenous reference. Calculations of relative quantification were performed by the comparative Ct method, using the lowest value found in Bos indicus oocytes as calibrator; values (mean ± SE) are shown as n-fold difference relative to the calibrator. Statistical comparison between breeds was performed by analysis of variance. Oocytes from Holstein cows showed a higher level (P < 0.05) of HSP70-1 expression (1.82 ± 0.22) than oocytes recovered from Gyr cows (1.12 ± 0.11). Previous study reported that oocytes from Gyr cows in a tropical climate showed a higher blastocyst rate after in vitro fertilization than Holstein oocytes (Camargo et al. 2006 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 18, 243 abst). The lower level of HSP70-1 in Gyr oocytes suggests that they were less subject to stress than the Holstein ones, which may reflect their capacity to develop after fertilization. This effect may be, at least in part, due to the ability of Bos indicus cows to regulate body temperature in a hot environment, causing less stress on oocytes.

Financial support was provided by FAPEMIG, MG, Brazil, and CNPq, DF, Brazil. Thanks to Agrogenética, Viçosa, Brazil, for the real-time PCR machine.