Equine early pregnancy endocrine profiles and ipsilateral endometrial immune cell, gene expression and protein localisation response
Irene Kalpokas
A E , María Noel Martínez A , Daniel Cavestany C , Fernando Perdigón D , Rodrigo Costa Mattos B and Ana Meikle A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Metabolism, Veterinary Faculty, Montevideo, Uruguay.
B Reprolab, Faculdade de Veterinaria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
C Department of Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, Montevideo, Uruguay.
D Experimental Farm No. 1, Veterinary Faculty, Montevideo, Uruguay.
E Corresponding author. Email: irenekalpokas@gmail.com
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33(6) 410-426 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD21001
Submitted: 1 January 2021 Accepted: 12 February 2021 Published: 23 March 2021
Abstract
We investigated the early effects of the equine embryo on maternal serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), leptin and adiponectin, uterine immune cells and genes and proteins related to embryo development and the maintenance of pregnancy. Ipsilateral endometrial expression was assessed on Days 7 and 13 after ovulation for the following transcripts: oestrogen receptor ERα (ESR1), progesterone receptor (PGR), progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 5 (PAQR5), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), raf-1 proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (RAF1), p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6), fibroblast growth factor family member 9 (FGF9), IGF1 and its receptor (IGF1R), mucin 1 (MUC1), osteopontin (OPN), leptin receptor (LEPR) and adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2). Ipsilateral endometrial immunological cell infiltration and immunohistochemical protein localisation were evaluated on Days 7, 10 and 13 after ovulation for ERα, PGR, OXTR, PTGS2, IGF1, IGF1R, IGF2 and MUC1. Serum hormone concentrations were not affected by reproductive status. Pregnancy downregulated ESR1 and PGR mRNA levels, upregulated the expression of all other genes and affected the expression of all genes, except PGR, on Day 7 (compared with eight genes affected at Day 13). Proteins were affected by pregnancy or by its interaction with other variables (day of extraction and endometrial compartment). Pregnant mares had a higher lymphocyte count, which decreased towards Day 13. The effect of pregnancy on leucocytes and proteins was more evident in superficial endometrial compartments. The results of this study suggest that the equine embryo exerts prompt paracrine regulation of critical biological processes.
Keywords: mare, pregnant, molecular, leucocytes, endometrium, ovulation side.
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