Emerging diseases in international trade in embryos
Julie Gard SchnuelleDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5522, USA. Email: waldrja@auburn.edu
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33(2) 55-65 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD20207
Published: 8 January 2021
Abstract
A significant change in cattle production and germplasm exchange has occurred over the past 50 years. The growth of artificial reproductive technologies and their broad implementation has become commonplace. The production and subsequent import and export of semen and embryos throughout the world has increased significantly. The embryo transfer industry has reached a new record of growth, with approximately 1.5 million transferrable bovine embryos collected and/or produced in 2018. Over 1 million of these embryos were produced in vitro. The increased production of in vitro-produced embryos leads to greater opportunities involving international trade. However, further research concerning emerging pathogens is imperative to ensure the efficacy and safety of the embryo transfer industry. Appropriate biosecurity protocols, including reliable testing methodology and effective embryo processing procedures, are key in preventing disease due to emerging and re-emerging pathogens that can be transmitted via embryo transfer.
Keywords: embryo pathogens, embryo transfer, in vitro-produced embryos, in vivo-derived embryos.
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