Marsupial milk: a fluid source of nutrition and immune factors for the developing pouch young
Elizabeth A. Pharo
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Cooperative Research Centre for Innovative Dairy Products.
B School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia.
C Present address: CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Vic. 3220, Australia. Email: elizabeth.pharo@csiro.au
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31(7) 1252-1265 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD18197
Submitted: 31 May 2018 Accepted: 26 November 2018 Published: 15 January 2019
Abstract
Marsupials have a very different reproductive strategy to eutherians. An Australian marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) has a very short pregnancy of about 26.5 days, with a comparatively long lactation of 300–350 days. The tammar mother gives birth to an altricial, approximately 400 mg young that spends the first 200 days postpartum (p.p.) in its mother’s pouch, permanently (0–100 days p.p.; Phase 2A) and then intermittently (100–200 days p.p.; Phase 2B) attached to the teat. The beginning of Phase 3 marks the first exit from the pouch (akin to the birth of a precocious eutherian neonate) and the supplementation of milk with herbage. The marsupial mother progressively alters milk composition (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) and individual milk constituents throughout the lactation cycle to provide nutrients and immunological factors that are appropriate for the considerable physiological development and growth of her pouch young. This review explores the changes in tammar milk components that occur during the lactation cycle in conjunction with the development of the young.
Additional keywords: carbohydrates, fats, mammary gland, proteins, tammar wallaby.
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