Spermatogenic phenotype of testis-specific protein, Y-encoded, 1 (TSPY1) dosage deficiency is independent of variations in TSPY-like 1 (TSPYL1) and TSPY-like 5 (TSPYL5): a case-control study in a Han Chinese population
Xiling Yang A , Xiangyou Leng A , Wenling Tu A , Yunqiang Liu A , Jinyan Xu A , Xue Pei A , Yongyi Ma B , Dong Yang C and Yuan Yang A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
B Jinjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610011, China.
C Reproductive Medicine Institute, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China.
D Corresponding author. Email: yangyuan@scu.edu.cn
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30(3) 555-562 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD17146
Submitted: 13 April 2017 Accepted: 5 August 2017 Published: 29 August 2017
Abstract
Testis-specific protein, Y-encoded, 1 (TSPY1) is involved in the regulation of spermatogenic efficiency via highly variable copy dosage, with dosage deficiency of the multicopy gene conferring an increased risk of spermatogenic failure. TSPY-like 1 (TSPYL1) and TSPY-like 5 (TSPYL5), two autosomal homologous genes originating from TSPY1, share a core sequence that encodes a functional nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) domain with TSPY1. To explore the potential effects of TSPYL1 and TSPYL5 on the TSPY1-related spermatogenic phenotype, we investigated the expression of these genes in 15 healthy and nonpathological human tissues (brain, kidney, liver, pancreas, thymus, prostate, spleen, muscle, leucocytes, placenta, intestine, ovary, lung, colon and testis) and explored associations between their variations and spermatogenic failure in 1558 Han Chinese men with different spermatogenic conditions, including 304 men with TSPY1 dosage deficiency. TSPYL1 and TSPYL5 were expressed in many different tissues, including the testis. An unreported rare variant that is likely pathogenic (c.1057A>G, p.Thr353Ala) and another of uncertain significance (c.1258C>T, p.Arg420Cys) in the NAP-coding sequence of TSPYL1 were observed in three spermatogenesis-impaired patients with heterozygous status. The distribution differences in the alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of eight TSPYL1- and TSPYL5-linked common variants did not reach statistical significance in comparisons of patients with spermatogenic failure and controls with normozoospermia. No difference in sperm production was observed among men with different genotypes of the variants. Similar results were obtained in men with TSPY1 dosage deficiencies. Although the distribution of missense variants of TSPYL1 found in the present and other studies suggests that patients with spermatogenic failure may have a statistically significant greater burden of rare variations in TSPYL1 relative to normozoospermic controls, the functional evidence suggests that TSPYL1 contributes to impaired spermatogenesis. Moreover, the present study suggests that the effects of TSPYL1 and TSPYL5 on the spermatogenic phenotype of TSPY1 dosage deficiency are limited, which may be due to the stability of their function resulting from high sequence conservation.
Additional keywords: autosomal homologous genes, gene family, male infertility, single nucleotide polymorphisms, sperm production, spermatogenesis, variation, Y chromosome-linked gene.
References
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