Prepartum maternal diets supplemented with oilseeds alter the fatty acid profile in bovine neonatal plasma possibly through reduced placental expression of fatty acid transporter protein 4 and fatty acid translocase
Reza Salehi A and Divakar J. Ambrose A B C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
B Livestock Research Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, 7000 – 113 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T6H 5T6, Canada.
C Corresponding author. Email: divakar.ambrose@gov.ab.ca
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29(9) 1846-1855 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD15476
Submitted: 14 November 2015 Accepted: 6 October 2016 Published: 12 December 2016
Abstract
In the present study, we determined the effects of maternal dietary fat and the type of fat on plasma fatty acids and the expression of placental fatty acid transporter genes. In Experiment 1, Holstein cows in the last 35 days of gestation received diets containing sunflower seed (n = 8; high in linoleic acid (LA)), canola seed (n = 7; high in oleic acid (OLA)) or no oilseed (n = 7; control). Fatty acids were quantified in dam and neonate plasma at calving. In Experiment 2, placental cotyledons were collected (LA: n = 4; OLA: n = 4; control: n = 5) to quantify gene expression. Maternal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, neonatal total n-3 fatty acids and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) declined, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total fat tended to decline following fat supplementation prepartum. Feeding of LA versus OLA prepartum tended to increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARA) expression, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARD) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) expression tended to be higher in OLA- than LA-fed cows. Expression of fatty acid transporter protein 4 (FATP4) and fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) expression was lower in placental tissue of cows fed fat compared with control cows. Reduced total n-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA in neonates born of dams fed fat prepartum is likely due to changes in PPARs and reduced expression of placental FATP4 and FAT/CD36.
Additional keywords: canola, cotyledons, dairy cow, linoleic acid, oleic acid, placental transfer, PUFA, sunflower.
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