Embryo development and sex ratio of in vitro-produced porcine embryos are affected by the energy substrate and hyaluronic acid added to the culture medium
Eva Torner A C , Eva Bussalleu A , M. Dolors Briz A , Marc Yeste B and Sergi Bonet A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Department of Biology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, s/n, 17071 Girona, Spain.
B Unit of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, University Campus, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
C Corresponding author. Email: eva.torner@udg.edu
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26(4) 570-577 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD13004
Submitted: 4 January 2013 Accepted: 23 March 2013 Published: 9 May 2013
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of replacing glucose with pyruvate–lactate and supplementing these in vitro culture (IVC) media with hyaluronic acid (HA) on porcine embryo development and sex ratio were examined. The in vitro-produced (IVP) porcine embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 medium with 0.0, 0.5 or 1.0 mg mL–1 HA, and with either 5.55 mM glucose (IVC-Glu) or pyruvate (0.17 mM)–lactate (2.73 mM) from 0 to 48 h post insemination (h.p.i.) and then with glucose from 48 to 168 h.p.i. (IVC-PL). Those embryos cultured with IVC-PL had significantly higher blastocyst rates (23.7 ± 1.5%) than those cultured with IVC-Glu (14.27 ± 2.75%). At 1.0 mg mL–1, HA tended to skew the sex ratio of blastocysts towards males in those embryos cultured in IVC-PL, and led to a significant decrease in the blastocyst rate compared with embryos cultured in the presence of 0.5 and 0.0 mg mL–1 HA and IVC-Glu (4.28 ± 0.28% vs 11.01 ± 1.42% and 10.14 ± 2.77%, respectively) and IVC-PL (14.37 ± 1.35% vs 20.96 ± 2.85% and 22.99 ± 1.39%, respectively). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the total cell number per blastocyst or in apoptosis rates. In conclusion, pyruvate and lactate were the preferred energy substrates in the early stages of IVP porcine embryos. Moreover, 1.0 mg mL–1 HA significantly decreased the percentage of blastocyst rates in both the IVC-Glu and IVC-PL groups, but only by a preferential loss of female embryos for those cultured in IVC-PL.
Additional keywords: blastocyst, glucose, hyaluronan, pig, pyruvate–lactate.
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