Developments in in vitro technologies for swine embryo production
Matthew B. Wheeler A B D , Sherrie G. Clark A and David J. Beebe C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
B Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
C Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
D To whom correspondence should be addressed. email: mbwheele@uiuc.edu
Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16(2) 15-25 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD03074
Submitted: 1 August 2003 Accepted: 1 October 2003 Published: 2 January 2004
Abstract
Several modifications have been made to in vitro production (IVP) systems to allow more efficient production of viable porcine embryos. Although in vitro production of pig embryos has been studied for over 30 years, the overall blastocyst production rate remains low. The low blastocyst rate is due to several factors, including polyspermic oocyte penetration, low rate of male pronucleus formation and less than optimal in vitro culture systems. These conditions are all inherent problems in porcine IVP and many of the mechanisms involved remain unknown. Considerable research has examined culture medium and the techniques used during the various stages of in vitro production. However, changes to the physical culture system used during IVF have remained unchanged until recently. The present paper will summarise selected developments in fertilisation and embryo culture media composition and focus on the development of modified equipment to improve the conditions used during the IVP of porcine oocytes and embryos.
Extra keywords: in vitro production, microchannel, microfluidics, porcine.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Eric Walters and Samantha Malusky for critical review of the manuscript. Some of the work presented here was supported by the Critical Research Initiatives at the University of Illinois, the Council for Food and Agricultural Research (C-FAR) and US Department of Agriculture Regional Research Project W-171.
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