Register      Login
Australian Journal of Primary Health Australian Journal of Primary Health Society
The issues influencing community health services and primary health care
RESEARCH ARTICLE

OPEN ARCH integrated care model: experiences of older Australians and their carers

Rachel Quigley A B E , Sarah Russell A B , Desley Harvey A C and Jennifer Mann A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, PO Box 902, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia.

B College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia.

C College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia.

D College of Public Health, Medicine and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia.

E Corresponding author. Email: rachel.quigley@jcu.edu.au

Australian Journal of Primary Health 27(3) 236-242 https://doi.org/10.1071/PY20203
Submitted: 3 September 2020  Accepted: 12 December 2020   Published: 3 March 2021

Abstract

There is worldwide recognition of the need to redesign health service delivery with a focus on strengthening primary health care and aligning health and social care through integrated models. A defining feature of integrated models is improved patient and carer experience of care. This study explored the experiences of older people and their carers enrolled in a unique model of integrated care that provides a specialist geriatric intervention in the primary care setting for older adults with complex needs in Far North Queensland. A qualitative exploratory descriptive design using semistructured interviews was used to address the study aims. Seventeen older people and nine carers took part in the study. Data were analysed inductively, guided by the principles of thematic analysis. Three themes emerged: getting by; achieving positive change; and improving and maintaining the OPEN ARCH (Older Persons ENablement And Rehabilitation for Complex Health conditions) approach. The findings indicate that enablement models of integration can be successful in activating positive change towards independence for the older person with complex needs. Understanding patients’ and carers’ experiences is essential to comprehensive service evaluation.

Keywords: case management, complex care, integrated care, older adults, primary care.


References

Andrews RM, Tan EJ, Varma VR, Rebok GW, Romani WA, Seeman TE, Gruenewald TL, Tanner EK, Carlson MC (2017) Positive Aging expectations are associated with physical activity among urban-dwelling older adults. The Gerontologist 57, S178–S186.
Positive Aging expectations are associated with physical activity among urban-dwelling older adults.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28854610PubMed |

Bleijenberg N, Boeije HR, Onderwater AT, Schuurmans MJ (2015) Frail older adults’ experiences with a proactive, nurse-led primary care program: a qualitative study. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 41, 20–29.
Frail older adults’ experiences with a proactive, nurse-led primary care program: a qualitative study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26375146PubMed |

Braun V, Clarke V (2006) Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3, 77–101.
Using thematic analysis in psychology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Carter N, Valaitis RK, Lam A, Feather J, Nicholl J, Cleghorn L (2018) Navigation delivery models and roles of navigators in primary care: a scoping literature review. BMC Health Services Research 18, 96
Navigation delivery models and roles of navigators in primary care: a scoping literature review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29422057PubMed |

Fenton JJ, Levine MD, Mahoney LD, Heagerty PJ, Wagner EH (2006) Bringing geriatricians to the front lines: evaluation of a quality improvement intervention in primary care. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 19, 331–339.
Bringing geriatricians to the front lines: evaluation of a quality improvement intervention in primary care.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16809646PubMed |

Funk LM, Dansereau L, Novek S (2019) Carers as System navigators: exploring sources, processes and outcomes of structural burden. The Gerontologist 59, 426–435.
Carers as System navigators: exploring sources, processes and outcomes of structural burden.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29165584PubMed |

Grol SM, Molleman GRM, Kuijpers A, van der Sande R, Fransen GAJ, Assendelft WJJ, Schers HJ (2018) The role of the general practitioner in multidisciplinary teams: a qualitative study in elderly care. BMC Family Practice 19, 40
The role of the general practitioner in multidisciplinary teams: a qualitative study in elderly care.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29523092PubMed |

Harvey D, Foster M, Strivens E, Quigley R (2017) Improving care coordination for community-dwelling older Australians: a longitudinal qualitative study. Australian Health Review 41, 144–150.
Improving care coordination for community-dwelling older Australians: a longitudinal qualitative study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27333204PubMed |

Kinchin I, Jacups S, Mann J, Quigley R, Harvey D, Doran CM, Strivens E (2018) Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a community-based model of care for older patients with complex needs: a study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial using a stepped wedge cluster design. Trials 19, 668
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a community-based model of care for older patients with complex needs: a study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial using a stepped wedge cluster design.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30514378PubMed |

Kuluski K, Gill A, Naganathan G, Upshur R, Jaakkimainen RL, Wodchis WP (2013) A qualitative descriptive study on the alignment of care goals between older persons with multi-morbidities, their family physicians and informal caregivers. BMC Family Practice 14, 133
A qualitative descriptive study on the alignment of care goals between older persons with multi-morbidities, their family physicians and informal caregivers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24010523PubMed |

Kuluski K, Peckham A, Gill A, Gagnon D, Wong-Cornall C, McKillop A, Parsons J, Sheridan N (2019) What is important to older people with multimorbidity and their caregivers? Identifying attributes of person centered care from the user perspective. International Journal of Integrated Care 19, 4
What is important to older people with multimorbidity and their caregivers? Identifying attributes of person centered care from the user perspective.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31367203PubMed |

Lawless MT, Marshall A, Mittinty MM, Harvey G (2020) What does integrated care mean from an older person’s perspective? A scoping review. BMJ Open 10, e035157
What does integrated care mean from an older person’s perspective? A scoping review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31974092PubMed |

Levy BR, Myers LM (2004) Preventive health behaviors influenced by self-perceptions of aging. Preventive Medicine 39, 625–629.
Preventive health behaviors influenced by self-perceptions of aging.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15313104PubMed |

Manderson B, McMurray J, Piraino E, Stolee P (2012) Navigation roles support chronically ill older adults through healthcare transitions: a systematic review of the literature. Health & Social Care in the Community 20, 113–127.
Navigation roles support chronically ill older adults through healthcare transitions: a systematic review of the literature.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Mann J, Quigley R, Harvey D, Tait M, Williams G, Strivens E (2020) OPEN ARCH: integrated care at the primary–secondary interface for the community-dwelling older person with complex needs. Australian Journal of Primary Health 26, 104–108.
OPEN ARCH: integrated care at the primary–secondary interface for the community-dwelling older person with complex needs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 32290951PubMed |

Mastellos N, Gunn L, Harris M, Majeed A, Car J, Pappas Y (2014) Assessing patients’ experience of integrated care: a survey of patient views in the north west london integrated care pilot. International Journal of Integrated Care 14, e015
Assessing patients’ experience of integrated care: a survey of patient views in the north west london integrated care pilot.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24987321PubMed |

May CR, Eton DT, Boehmer K, Gallacher K, Hunt K, MacDonald S, Mair FS, May CM, Montori VM, Richardson A, Rogers AE, Shippee N (2014) Rethinking the patient: using burden of treatment theory to understand the changing dynamics of illness. BMC Health Services Research 14, 281
Rethinking the patient: using burden of treatment theory to understand the changing dynamics of illness.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24969758PubMed |

Rijken M, Lette M, Baan CA, de Bruin SR (2019) Assigning a prominent role to “The patient experience” in assessing the quality of integrated care for populations with multiple chronic conditions. International Journal of Integrated Care 19,
Assigning a prominent role to “The patient experience” in assessing the quality of integrated care for populations with multiple chronic conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31592248PubMed |

Sarris A, Augoustinos M, Williams N, Ferguson B (2020) Caregiving work: the experiences and needs of caregivers in Australia. Health & Social Care in the Community 28, 1764–1771.
Caregiving work: the experiences and needs of caregivers in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Spoorenberg SLW, Wynia K, Fokkens AS, Slotman K, Kremer HPH, Reijneveld SA (2015) Experiences of community-living older adults receiving integrated care based on the chronic care model: a qualitative study. PLoS One 10, e0137803
Experiences of community-living older adults receiving integrated care based on the chronic care model: a qualitative study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wodchis WP, Dixon A, Anderson GM, Goodwin N (2015) Integrating care for older people with complex needs: key insights and lessons from a seven-country cross-case analysis. International Journal of Integrated Care 15, e021
Integrating care for older people with complex needs: key insights and lessons from a seven-country cross-case analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26528096PubMed |

Zonneveld N, Raab J, Minkman MMN (2020) Towards a values framework for integrated health services: an international Delphi study. BMC Health Services Research 20, 224
Towards a values framework for integrated health services: an international Delphi study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 32183785PubMed |