A national mailed survey exploring weight management services across Australian community pharmacies
Souhiela Fakih A , Jennifer L. Marriott A and Safeera Y. Hussainy A BA Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia.
B Corresponding author. Email: safeera.hussainy@monash.edu
Australian Journal of Primary Health 21(2) 197-204 https://doi.org/10.1071/PY13118
Submitted: 21 August 2013 Accepted: 13 January 2014 Published: 5 March 2014
Abstract
This study investigated pharmacists’ and pharmacy assistants’ current weight management recommendations to consumers across Australian community pharmacies using a mailed questionnaire. Two questionnaires were developed, one for pharmacists and one for pharmacy assistants, each divided into five sections. One pharmacist and pharmacy assistant questionnaire were mailed in November 2011 to a systematic sample of 3000 pharmacies across Australia for one pharmacist and pharmacy assistant each to complete. A total of 537 pharmacist and 403 pharmacy assistant responses, from 880 different pharmacies, were received. Overall 94.5% (n = 832/880) of associated pharmacies stocked weight loss products and 48.2% (n = 424/880) offered a weight management program. Both pharmacists and pharmacy assistants felt that the development of pharmacy-specific educational resources and additional training would help improve their ability to provide weight management services. Australian pharmacists and pharmacy assistants currently appear to be providing weight management services to consumers; however, not all their recommendations are evidence based. The need for additional training for pharmacy staff in areas identified as lacking and the development of pharmacy weight management educational resources needs to be addressed.
Additional keywords: Australia, pharmacy, pharmacists, pharmacists’ aides, weight-reduction programs.
References
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2008) Australia’s health ministers’ conference; communique; delivering results. (Australian Government: Canberra)Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) Australian health survey: first results, 2011–2012. (Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra)
Australian Population and Migration Research Centre (2008) Pharmacy access/remoteness index of Australia (PhARIA) 2008–2009. Available at http://www.adelaide.edu.au/apmrc/research/projects/pharia/ [Verified 12 January 2011]
Awad A, Waheedi M (2012) Community pharmacists role in obesity treatment in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 12, 863
| Community pharmacists role in obesity treatment in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23057422PubMed |
Berbatis C, Sunderland V, Mills C, Bulsara M (2003) National pharmacy database project. (School of Pharmacy, Curtin University of Technology of Western Australia: Perth)
Bereznicki L, Peterson G (2008) Weight management. Australian Pharmacist 27, 6
Bradley CT (2009) An exploration of the role of community pharmacists in health promotion in Ireland. (The School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College: Dublin)
Cochran G, Field C, Lawson K, Erickson C (2013) Pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding screening and brief intervention for prescription opioid abuse: a survey of Utah and Texas pharmacists. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 4, 71–79.
| Pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding screening and brief intervention for prescription opioid abuse: a survey of Utah and Texas pharmacists.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Colagiuri S, Lee C, Colagiuri R, Magliano D, Shaw J, Zimmet P, Caterson I (2010) The cost of overweight and obesity in Australia. The Medical Journal of Australia 192, 260–264.
Dastani HB, Brown CM, O’Donnell DC (2004) Combating the obesity epidemic: community pharmacists’ counseling on obesity management. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 38, 1800–1804.
| Combating the obesity epidemic: community pharmacists’ counseling on obesity management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15383644PubMed |
de Ponti M, Stewart K, Amir LH, Hussainy SY (2013) Medicine use and safety while breastfeeding: investigating the perspectives of community pharmacists in Australia. Australian Journal of Primary Health
| Medicine use and safety while breastfeeding: investigating the perspectives of community pharmacists in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23902634PubMed |
Dillman DA (1991) The design and administration of mail surveys. Annual Review of Sociology 17, 225–249.
| The design and administration of mail surveys.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Haby MM, Markwick A, Peeters A, Shaw J, Vos T (2012) Future predictions of body mass index and overweight prevalence in Australia, 2005–2025. Health Promotion International 27, 250–260.
| Future predictions of body mass index and overweight prevalence in Australia, 2005–2025.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21680599PubMed |
Hackett A, Krska J (2012) Is it time to regulate over-the-counter weight-loss formulations? International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 20, 199–202.
| Is it time to regulate over-the-counter weight-loss formulations?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22554163PubMed |
Hughes R, Maher J, Baillie E, Shelton D (2011) Nutrition and physical activity guidance for women in the pre- and post-natal period: a continuing education needs assessment in primary health care. Australian Journal of Primary Health 17, 135–141.
| Nutrition and physical activity guidance for women in the pre- and post-natal period: a continuing education needs assessment in primary health care.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21645468PubMed |
IBISWorld (2011) Industry report Q9529a, weight loss services in Australia. Available at http://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/default.aspx?indid=1704 [Verified 10 December 2011]
Krejcie RV, Morgan DW (1970) Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement 30, 607–610.
Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJL (2006) Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet 367, 1747–1757.
| Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16731270PubMed |
Ma Y, Ockene IS, Rosal MC, Merriam PA, Ockene JK, Gandhi PJ (2010) Randomized trial of a pharmacist-delivered intervention for improving lipid-lowering medication adherence among patients with coronary heart disease. Cholesterol 2010, 383281
| Randomized trial of a pharmacist-delivered intervention for improving lipid-lowering medication adherence among patients with coronary heart disease.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21490915PubMed |
McIntosh T, Munro K, McLay J, Stewart D (2012) A cross sectional survey of the views of newly registered pharmacists in Great Britain on their potential prescribing role: a cautious approach. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 73, 656–660.
| A cross sectional survey of the views of newly registered pharmacists in Great Britain on their potential prescribing role: a cautious approach.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22035442PubMed |
Ministry of Health (2009) Clinical guidelines for weight mangement in New Zealand adults. Available at http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/indexmh/clinical-guidelines-for-weight-management-in-nz-adults [Verified 16 January 2011]
National Health and Medical Research Council (2003) Clinical practice guidelines for the management of overweight and obesity in adults. Available at http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/obesityguidelines-guidelines-adults.htm [Verified 30 June 2010]
National Health and Medical Research Council (2013) Clinical practice guidelines for the management of overweight and obesity in adults, adolescents and children in Australia. Available at http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/n57_obesity_guidelines_131003.pdf [Verified 21 September 2013]
National Preventative Health Taskforce (2008) Obesity in Australia: a need for urgent action. Including addendum for October 2008 to June 2009. Technical report no. 1. (Commonwealth of Australia: Canberra)
Newlands RS, Watson MC, Lee AJ (2011) The provision of current and future healthy weight management (HWM) services from community pharmacies: a survey of community pharmacists’ attitudes, practice and future possibilities. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 19, 106–114.
| The provision of current and future healthy weight management (HWM) services from community pharmacies: a survey of community pharmacists’ attitudes, practice and future possibilities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21385241PubMed |
Nimpitakpong P, Chaiyakunapruk N, Dhippayom T (2010) A national survey of training and smoking cessation services provided in community pharmacies in Thailand. Journal of Community Health 35, 554–559.
| A national survey of training and smoking cessation services provided in community pharmacies in Thailand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20195894PubMed |
Pearce KL, Cross G (2013) A 4-week nutrition and therapeutics course in an undergraduate pharmacy program. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 77, 154
René-Henri N, Khamla Y, Nadaira N, Ouellet C, Blais L, Lalonde L, Collin J, Beauchesne M-F (2009) Community pharmacists’ interventions in asthma care: a descriptive study. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 43, 104–111.
| Community pharmacists’ interventions in asthma care: a descriptive study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19109211PubMed |
Richman AR, Daley EM, Baldwin J, Kromrey J, O’Rourke K, Perrin K (2012) The role of pharmacists and emergency contraception: are pharmacists’ perceptions of emergency contraception predictive of their dispensing practices? Contraception 86, 370–375.
| The role of pharmacists and emergency contraception: are pharmacists’ perceptions of emergency contraception predictive of their dispensing practices?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22386228PubMed |
Rieck AM, Hughs J (2008) Improving community pharmacy based weight management: the next step. Australian Pharmacist 27, 855–860.
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (2010) 115 Management of obesity. A national clinical guideline. Available at http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign115.pdf [Verified 13 April 2013]
Um IS, Armour C, Krass I, Gill T, Chaar B (2010) Managing obesity in pharmacy: the Australian experience. Pharmacy World & Science 32, 711–720.