Free Standard AU & NZ Shipping For All Book Orders Over $80!
Register      Login
Australian Journal of Primary Health Australian Journal of Primary Health Society
The issues influencing community health services and primary health care
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Do trial-and-error practices and the use of the internet influence how medicines are used?

Kay Price A D , Anne W. Taylor B , Eleonora Dal Grande B and Debbie Kralik C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.

B Population Research and Outcome Studies, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Level 3, 122 Frome Street, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

C Services and Innovation, Silver Chain Group incorporating RDNS SA Ltd, 1 Richmond Road, Keswick, SA 5034, Australia.

D Corresponding author. Email: Kay.Price@unisa.edu.au

Australian Journal of Primary Health 20(3) 228-235 https://doi.org/10.1071/PY13007
Submitted: 15 May 2012  Accepted: 14 March 2013   Published: 8 April 2013

Abstract

The aim of this research was to identify if people understood and used a practice termed ‘trial and error’ and the association of this practice to: (1) taking medicines as prescribed; and (2) use of the internet to assist their self-care decision-making. A national Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) was conducted in 2011 of a random sample of 3003 adults aged 18 years and over. Multivariable modelling, in stages, was undertaken adjusting for a range of demographics and associated health variables. There is a very strong relationship between the use of trial-and-error practices and not taking prescription medicines as prescribed. In addition, adults who state that they use trial-and-error practices to assist their health-related decision-making are more likely to have used the internet for information and then as a result, adjusted medicines or treatment. Any health care initiative directed at ensuring people take medicines as prescribed cannot dismiss the use of trial-and-error practices derived from information found on the internet.

Additional keywords: Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing, internet, self-care decision-making, taking medicines, trial-and-error practices.


References

Adams R, Price K, Tucker G, Nguyen AM, Wilson D (2012) The doctor and the patient – how is a clinical encounter perceived? Patient Education and Counseling 86, 127–133.
The doctor and the patient – how is a clinical encounter perceived?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21890301PubMed |

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006) Census data by location. (ABS: Canberra) Available at http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/PopularAreas?collection=census/period=2006 [Verified 14 May 2012]

Battersby M, Von Korff M, Schaefer J, Davis C, Ludman E, Greene SM, Parkerton M, Wagner EH (2010) Twelve evidence-based principles for implementing self-management support in primary care. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 36, 561–570.

Bonner CJ, Carr B (2002) Medication compliance problems in general practice: detection and intervention by pharmacists and doctors. The Australian Journal of Rural Health 10, 33–38.
Medication compliance problems in general practice: detection and intervention by pharmacists and doctors.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 11952520PubMed |

Choudhry NK, Fischer MA, Avorn J, Liberman JN, Schneeweiss S, Pakes J, Brennan TA, Shrank WH (2011) The implications of therapeutic complexity on adherence to cardiovascular medications. Archives of Internal Medicine 171, 814–822.
The implications of therapeutic complexity on adherence to cardiovascular medications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21555659PubMed |

Cyert RM, March GJ (1963) ‘A behavioral theory of the firm.’ (Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ)

Dal Grande E, Taylor AW (2010) Sampling and coverage issues of telephone surveys used for collecting health information in Australia: results from a face-to-face survey from 1999 to 2008. BMC Medical Research Methodology 10, 77
Sampling and coverage issues of telephone surveys used for collecting health information in Australia: results from a face-to-face survey from 1999 to 2008.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20738884PubMed |

Department of Health and Ageing (2000) National Medicines Policy. (Department of Health and Aged Care: Canberra) Available at http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/nmp-objectives-policy.htm [Verified 14 June 2012]

Glasziou P, Irwig L, Mant D (2005) Monitoring in chronic disease: a rational approach. British Medical Journal 330, 644–648.
Monitoring in chronic disease: a rational approach.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15774996PubMed |

Grant JF, Taylor AW, Ruffin RE, Wilson DH, Phillips PJ, Adams RJ, Price K, North West Adelaide Health Study Team (2009) Cohort profile: The North West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS) International Journal of Epidemiology

Guyatt GH, Keller JL, Jaeschke R, Rosenbloom D, Adachi JD, Newhouse MT (1990) The n-of-1 randomized controlled trial: clinical usefulness. Our three-year experience. Annals of Internal Medicine 112, 293–299.

Hansen DL, Holstein BE, Hansen EH (2009) ‘I’d rather not take it, but…’: young women’s perceptions of medicines. Qualitative Health Research 19, 829–839.
‘I’d rather not take it, but…’: young women’s perceptions of medicines.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19366860PubMed |

Ho J, Taylor DM, Cabalag MS, Ugoni A, Yeoh M (2010) Factors that impact on emergency department patient compliance with antibiotic regimens. Emergency Medicine Journal 27, 815–820.
Factors that impact on emergency department patient compliance with antibiotic regimens.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20513734PubMed |

Kessler R, Mroczek D (1994) ‘Final versions of our non-specific psychological distress scale.’ (Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan: Ann Arbor, MI)

Kralik D, van Loon A, Telford K (2005) ‘Understanding transition, transition in chronic illness (series) booklet 11.’ (University of South Australia, Royal District Nursing Service: Wayville, SA)

Lareau SC, Yawn BP (2010) Improving adherence with inhaler therapy in COPD. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 5, 401–406.
Improving adherence with inhaler therapy in COPD.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21191434PubMed |

Ledford CJ, Villagran MM, Kreps GL, Zhao X, McHorney C, Wheathers M, Keefe B (2010) Practicing Medicine: Patient perceptions of physician communication and the process of prescription. Patient Education and Counseling 80, 384–392.
Practicing Medicine: Patient perceptions of physician communication and the process of prescription.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20675096PubMed |

Levitt B, March JG (1988) Organizational learning. Annual Review of Sociology 14, 319–340.
Organizational learning.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Morgan TK, Williamson M, Pirotta M, Stewart K, Myers SP, Barnes J (2012) A national census of medicines use: a 24-hour snapshot of Australians aged 50 years or older. The Medical Journal of Australia 196, 50–53.
A national census of medicines use: a 24-hour snapshot of Australians aged 50 years or older.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 22256935PubMed |

Nelson R (2008) Bounded rationality, cognitive maps, and trial and error learning. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 67, 78–89.
Bounded rationality, cognitive maps, and trial and error learning.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Price K (2007) Debating the influence of self-reports by people living with chronic disease on healthy ageing and longevity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1114, 144–153.
Debating the influence of self-reports by people living with chronic disease on healthy ageing and longevity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17986579PubMed |

Roughead L, Bedford G (2010) Medication safety: Will adverse drug events be reduced? (Australian Commission in Safety and Quality in Healthcare: Darlinghurst, NSW). Available at http://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/internet/safety/publishing.nsf/Content/D0DABD9912D44A14CA257516000FDABB/$File/NatRep-Windows.PDF [Verified 18 March 2012]

Stewart DO, DeMarco JP (2010) Rational noncompliance with prescribed medical treatment. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 20, 277–290.
Rational noncompliance with prescribed medical treatment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21133336PubMed |

Thorne S, Paterson B, Russel C (2003) The structure of everyday self-care decision making in chronic illness. Qualitative Health Research 13, 1337–1352.
The structure of everyday self-care decision making in chronic illness.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 14658350PubMed |

University of South Australia (2010) People with chronic disease and the influence of trial and error practices as a self-care strategy: a novel approach. Summary of qualitative data. Available at http://www.unisa.edu.au/nur/research/projects/chronic_disease/default.asp [Verified 10 February 2013]

Vervloet M, van Dijk L, Santen-Reestman J, van Vlijmen B, Bouvy ML, de Bakker DH (2011) Improving medication adherence in diabetes type 2 patients through real time medication monitoring: a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of monitoring patients’ medication use combined with short message (SMS) reminders. BMC Health Services Research 11, 5
Improving medication adherence in diabetes type 2 patients through real time medication monitoring: a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of monitoring patients’ medication use combined with short message (SMS) reminders.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21219596PubMed |

Whitehead SD, Ballard DH (1991) Learning to perceive and act by trial and error. Machine Learning 7, 45–83.
Learning to perceive and act by trial and error.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Yeaw J, Benner JS, Walt JG, Sian S, Smith DB (2009) Comparing adherence and persistence across 6 chronic medication classes. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 15, 728–740.