Calculation of Accuracy of Results of Graphical Square Intercomparisons

Abstract

Graphical squares of two types are used for calculating the results of intercomparisons of standards of length, mass, and other quantities, and the results of calibration of scales. By means of graphical squares, estimates of the true values or " improved" values are obtained from observations. From the differences between the improved and observed values, the residuals, a measure of the accuracy of the intercomparison, may be obtained. In this paper expressions are derived which enable the calculation, from the residuals, of accuracies of observed values, of improved values, and of various quantities derived from the improved values.