The sharks and rays of Palau: biological diversity, status, and social and cultural dimensions

References

Afonso, AS, Santiago, R, Hazin, H, and Hazin, FH (2012). Shark bycatch and mortality and hook bite-offs in pelagic longlines: interactions between hook types and leader materials. Fisheries Research 131–133, 9–14.
| Shark bycatch and mortality and hook bite-offs in pelagic longlines: interactions between hook types and leader materials.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Allen, GR (2008). Conservation hotspots of biodiversity and endemism for Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes. Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18, 541–556.
| Conservation hotspots of biodiversity and endemism for Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Allen, S (2013). Carving a niche or cutting a broad swath: subsistence fishing in the western Pacific. Pacific Science 67, 477–488.
| Carving a niche or cutting a broad swath: subsistence fishing in the western Pacific.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Arlyza, IS, Shen, KN, Durand, JD, and Borsa, P (2013). Mitochondrial haplotypes indicate parapatric-like phylogeographic structure in blue-spotted maskray (Neotrygon kuhlii) from the Coral Triangle region. Journal of Heredity 104, 725–733.
| Mitochondrial haplotypes indicate parapatric-like phylogeographic structure in blue-spotted maskray (Neotrygon kuhlii) from the Coral Triangle region.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Beverly S (2003) Fish aggregating device (FAD) fishing skills, horizontal longline fishing, and tuna handling and grading workshops in Koror, Palau: 28 October to 6 December 2002. Field Report 20. ix, 19 pp. (Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community)

Borsa, P (2017). Neotrygon vali, a new species of the blue-spotted maskray complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae). Species 18, 146–153.
| Neotrygon vali, a new species of the blue-spotted maskray complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Borsa, P, Arlyza, IS, Hoareau, TB, and Shen, K-N (2018). Diagnostic description and geographic distribution of four new cryptic species of the blue-spotted maskray species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae; Neotrygon spp.) based on DNA sequences. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 36, 827–841.
| Diagnostic description and geographic distribution of four new cryptic species of the blue-spotted maskray species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae; Neotrygon spp.) based on DNA sequences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Borsa, P, Shen, K-N, Arlyza, IS, and Hoareau, TB (2016). Multiple cryptic species in the blue-spotted maskray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae: Neotrygon spp.): an update. Comptes Rendus Biologies 339, 417–426.
| Multiple cryptic species in the blue-spotted maskray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae: Neotrygon spp.): an update.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27543138PubMed |

Bowen, BW, Rocha, LA, Toonen, RJ, and Karl, SA (2013). The origins of tropical marine biodiversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28, 359–366.
| The origins of tropical marine biodiversity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Bureau of Marine Resources (2018) Annual report to the commission. Part 1: Information on fisheries, research, and statistics. WCPFC-SC14-AR/CCM-18. (Bureau of Marine Resources: Koror, Palau)

Bureau of Marine Resources (2019) Republic of Palau Bureau of Marine Resources annual report 2017. (Bureau of Marine Resources: Koror, Palau)

California Environmental Associates (2016) Palau fisheries: 2015 summary. Prepared for The David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Available at https://www.packard.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Palau-Fisheries-2015-Review.pdf. [Accessed 29 April 2019]

Camhi M, Fowler S, Musick J, Brautigam A, Fordham S (1998) ‘Sharks and their relatives: ecology and conservation. Vol. 20.’ (IUCN/SSC Shark Specialist Group: Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK)

Carpenter KE, Niem VH (1998) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. In ‘The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 2. Cepahlopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks.’ pp. 687–1396. (FAO: Rome, Italy)

Carpenter KE, Niem VH (1999) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. In ‘The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes (Elopidae to Linophrynidae).’ (FAO: Rome, Italy)

Carreon B (2019) Palau to get new patrol boat from Australia on June 2020. Available at http://www.tunapacific.org/2019/10/07/palau-to-get-new-patrol-boat-from-australia-on-june-2020/. [Accessed 25 May 2020]

Carreon B (2020) Tiny Pacific nation of Palau detains “illegal” Chinese fishing vessel. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/15/pacific-nation-of-palau-detains-chinese-fishing-crew. [Accessed 10 March 2021]

Carrier JC, Heithaus MR, Simpfendorfer CA (2018) ‘Shark research: emerging technologies and applications for the field and laboratory.’ (CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA)

Chapman L (2004) ‘Nearshore domestic fisheries development in Pacific island countries and territories. Vol. 17.’ (Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Noumea, New Caledonia)

Chin, A (2017). Logging the biodiversity and significance of sharks and rays in the Pacific. Secretariat of the Pacific Community Fisheries Newsletter 151, 17–18.

Chin, A, Baje, L, Donaldson, T, Gerhardt, K, Jabado, RW, Kyne, PM, Mana, R, Mescam, G, Mourier, J, and Planes, S (2019). The scientist abroad: maximising research impact and effectiveness when working as a visiting scientist. Biological Conservation 238, 108231.
| The scientist abroad: maximising research impact and effectiveness when working as a visiting scientist.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Chin, A, Kyne, PM, Walker, TI, and McAuley, R (2010). An integrated risk assessment for climate change: analysing the vulnerability of sharks and rays on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. Global Change Biology 16, 1936–1953.
| An integrated risk assessment for climate change: analysing the vulnerability of sharks and rays on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Chin A, Lison de Loma T, Reytar K, Planes S, Gerhardt K, Clua E, Burke L, Wilkinson C (2011) ‘Status of coral reefs of the Pacific and outlook: 2011.’ (Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network: Cambridge, MA, USA)

Chin A, Pecl G (2018) ‘Citizen science in shark and ray research and conservation: strengths, opportunities, considerations and pitfalls.’ (CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA)

Chin, A, Rigby, C, Short, A, and White, W (2020). Verified records of Kuhl’s devil ray (Mobula kuhlii) in the Solomon Islands from citizen scientists. Pacific Conservation Biology 26, 100–101.
| Verified records of Kuhl’s devil ray (Mobula kuhlii) in the Solomon Islands from citizen scientists.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Clarke, S (2014). Re-examining the shark trade as a tool for conservation. SPC Fisheries Newsletter 145, 49–56.

Clarke, S, Harley, SJ, Hoyle, SD, and Rice, JS (2013). Population trends in Pacific Oceanic sharks and the utility of regulations on shark finning. Conservation Biology 27, 197–209.
| Population trends in Pacific Oceanic sharks and the utility of regulations on shark finning.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23110546PubMed |

Clarke S, Sato M, Small C, Sullivan B, Inoue Y, Ochi D (2014) Bycatch in longline fisheries for tuna and tuna-like species: a global review of status and mitigation measures. FAO fisheries and aquaculture technical paper 588. pp. 1–199. (FAO: Rome, Italy)

Colin PL (2009) ‘Marine environments of Palau.’ (Coral Reef Research Foundation: Koror, Palau)

Cortés E (2004) Life history patterns, demography, and population dynamics. In ‘Biology of sharks and their relatives’. (Eds JC Carrier, JA Musick, MR Heithaus) pp. 449–469. (CRC Press: New York, NY, USA)

Davidson, LN (2012). Shark sanctuaries: substance or spin? Science 338, 1538–1539.
| Shark sanctuaries: substance or spin?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23258873PubMed |

Davidson, LN, Krawchuk, MA, and Dulvy, NK (2016). Why have global shark and ray landings declined: improved management or overfishing? Fish and Fisheries 17, 438–458.
| Why have global shark and ray landings declined: improved management or overfishing?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Dent F, Clarke S (2015) State of the global market for shark products: FAO fisheries and aquaculture. Technical Paper No. 590. (FAO: Rome, Italy)

Duffy, CA, and Struthers, CD (2017). A major range extension for Carcharhinus altimus (Springer, 1950) in the South Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 4323, 132–138.
| A major range extension for Carcharhinus altimus (Springer, 1950) in the South Pacific Ocean.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Dulvy, NK, Baum, JK, Clarke, S, Compagno, LJ, Cortés, E, Domingo, A, Fordham, S, Fowler, S, Francis, MP, and Gibson, C (2008). You can swim but you can’t hide: the global status and conservation of oceanic pelagic sharks and rays. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18, 459–482.
| You can swim but you can’t hide: the global status and conservation of oceanic pelagic sharks and rays.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Dulvy, NK, Fowler, SL, Musick, JA, Cavanagh, RD, Kyne, PM, Harrison, LR, Carlson, JK, Davidson, LN, Fordham, SV, and Francis, MP (2014). Extinction risk and conservation of the world’s sharks and rays. elife 3, e00590.
| Extinction risk and conservation of the world’s sharks and rays.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24448405PubMed |

Dulvy, NK, Simpfendorfer, CA, Davidson, LN, Fordham, SV, Bräutigam, A, Sant, G, and Welch, DJ (2017). Challenges and priorities in shark and ray conservation. Current Biology 27, R565–R572.
| Challenges and priorities in shark and ray conservation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28586694PubMed |

Dwyer, RG, Krueck, NC, Udyawer, V, Heupel, MR, Chapman, D, Pratt, HL, Garla, R, and Simpfendorfer, CA (2020). Individual and population benefits of marine reserves for reef sharks. Current Biology 30, 480–489.e5.
| Individual and population benefits of marine reserves for reef sharks.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 31983638PubMed |

Ebert DA, Fowler S (2013) ‘Sharks of the world.’ (Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA)

Ebert DA, Fowler S, Compagno L (2016) ‘Sharks of the world: a fully illustrated guide.’ (Wild Nature Press: Plymouth, UK)

Fenner, D (2012). Challenges for managing fisheries on diverse coral reefs. Diversity 4, 105–160.
| Challenges for managing fisheries on diverse coral reefs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Fong, QS, and Anderson, JL (2002). International shark fin markets and shark management: an integrated market preference–cohort analysis of the blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus. Ecological Economics 40, 117–130.
| International shark fin markets and shark management: an integrated market preference–cohort analysis of the blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Food and Agriculture Organization (2009) Country profile: the Republic of Palau. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome, Italy). Available at http://www.fao.org/countryprofiles/index/en/?iso3=PLW. [Accessed 20 May 2019]

Freeman, I (2017). Blue boats are a problem. SPC Fisheries Newsletter 153, 10.

Gillett R (2011) Fisheries of the Pacific Islands: regional and national information. (FAO: Rome, Italy). Available at http://www.fao.org/3/i2092e/i2092e00.pdf. [Accessed 17 May 2019]

Gilman, E, Chaloupka, M, Merrifield, M, Malsol, ND, and Cook, C (2016). Standardized catch and survival rates, and effect of a ban on shark retention, Palau pelagic longline fishery. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 26, 1031–1062.
| Standardized catch and survival rates, and effect of a ban on shark retention, Palau pelagic longline fishery.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Gordon, DP (2000). The Pacific Ocean and global OBIS: a New Zealand perspective. Oceanogrpahy 13, 41–47.
| The Pacific Ocean and global OBIS: a New Zealand perspective.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Graham T, Idechong N, Sherwood K (2001) The value of dive-tourism and the impacts of coral bleaching on diving in Palau. Coral bleaching: causes, consequences and response. Selected papers presented at the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium on Coral Bleaching: assessing and linking ecological and socioeconomic impacts, future trends and mitigation planning. Coastal Management Report. pp. 59–71.

Gruby, RL, Fairbanks, L, Acton, L, Artis, E, Campbell, LM, Gray, NJ, Mitchell, L, Zigler, SBJ, and Wilson, K (2017). Conceptualizing social outcomes of large marine protected areas. Coastal Management 45, 416–435.
| Conceptualizing social outcomes of large marine protected areas.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hallock, P (1984). Distribution of selected species of living algal symbiont-bearing foraminifera on two Pacific coral reefs. The Journal of Foraminiferal Research 14, 250–261.
| Distribution of selected species of living algal symbiont-bearing foraminifera on two Pacific coral reefs.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Hannesson, R (2008). The exclusive economic zone and economic development in the Pacific Island countries. Marine Policy 32, 886–897.
| The exclusive economic zone and economic development in the Pacific Island countries.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Heupel, MR, Papastamatiou, YP, Espinoza, M, Green, ME, and Simpfendorfer, CA (2019). Reef shark science – key questions and future directions. Frontiers in Marine Science 6, 12.
| Reef shark science – key questions and future directions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Houk, P, Camacho, R, Johnson, S, McLean, M, Maxin, S, Anson, J, Joseph, E, Nedlic, O, Luckymis, M, and Adams, K (2015). The Micronesia Challenge: assessing the relative contribution of stressors on coral reefs to facilitate science-to-management feedback. PLoS One 10, e0130823.
| The Micronesia Challenge: assessing the relative contribution of stressors on coral reefs to facilitate science-to-management feedback.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26087252PubMed |

Hylton, S, White, W, and Chin, A (2017). The sharks and rays of the Solomon Islands: a synthesis of their biological diversity, values and conservation status. Pacific Conservation Biology 23, 324–334.
| The sharks and rays of the Solomon Islands: a synthesis of their biological diversity, values and conservation status.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jaiteh, VF, Hordyk, AR, Braccini, M, Warren, C, and Loneragan, NR (2017). Shark finning in eastern Indonesia: assessing the sustainability of a data-poor fishery. ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, 242–253.
| Shark finning in eastern Indonesia: assessing the sustainability of a data-poor fishery.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Jaiteh, VF, Lindfield, SJ, Mangubhai, S, Warren, C, Fitzpatrick, B, and Loneragan, NR (2016). Higher abundance of marine predators and changes in fishers’ behavior following spatial protection within the world’s biggest shark fishery. Frontiers in Marine Science 3, 43.
| Higher abundance of marine predators and changes in fishers’ behavior following spatial protection within the world’s biggest shark fishery.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Johannes RE (1981) ‘Words of the lagoon: fishing and marine lore in the Palau district of Micronesia.’ (University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, USA)

Johnson JE, Allain V, Basel B, Bell JD, Chin A, Dutra LXC, Hooper E, Loubser D, Lough JM, Moore BR, Nicol SJ (2020) Chapter 10: Impacts of climate change on marine resources in the Pacific Island region. In ‘Climate change and impacts in the Pacific.’ (Ed. L Kumar). (Springer: Cham, Switzerland)

Koror State Government (2015) Manta Ray Conservation Act. (Koror State Government: Koror, Palau)

Lack PM, Meere F (2009) ‘Regional plan of action for sharks: guidance for Pacific Island countries and territories on the conservation and management of sharks.’ (FFA, SPC, SPREP: Pacific Islands)

Last PR, Séret B (1999) Comparative biogeography of the chondrichthyan faunas of the tropical South-East Indian and South-West Pacific Oceans. In ‘Proceedings of the 5th Indo-Pacific fish conference, Noumea, New Caledonia, 3–8 November 1997.’ (Eds B Séret, J-Y Sire) pp. 293–306. (Soc. Fr. Ichtyol.: Paris, France)

Last, PR, White, WT, and Séret, B (2016b). Taxonomic status of maskrays of the Neotrygon kuhlii species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the description of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 4083, 533–561.
| Taxonomic status of maskrays of the Neotrygon kuhlii species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the description of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27394245PubMed |

Last P, Stevens D (2009) ‘Sharks and rays of Australia’. (CSIRO: Melbourne, Vic., Australia)

Last P, White W, Séret B, Naylor G, de Carvalho M, Stehmann M (2016a) ‘Rays of the world.’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne, Vic., Australia)

Liston, J (2009). Cultural chronology of earthworks in Palau, western Micronesia. Archaeology in Oceania 44, 56–73.
| Cultural chronology of earthworks in Palau, western Micronesia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Lucifora, LO, García, VB, and Worm, B (2011). Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks. PLoS One 6, e19356.
| Global diversity hotspots and conservation priorities for sharks.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21573162PubMed |

Myers R (1999) ‘Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia.’ (Coral Graphics: Barrigada, Guam)

Office of the President (2018) The nippon foundation to handover patrol vessel, marine law administrative building, and vessel berth to the Republic of Palau. Available at https://www.palaugov.pw/the-nippon-foundation-to-handover-patrol-vessel-marine-law-administrative-building-and-vessel-berth-to-the-republic-of-palau/. [Accessed 29 April 2019]

Palau OEK (2003) To amend Chapter 1 of Title 27 of the Palau National Code. Republic of Palau Public Law No. 6-36. Sixth Olbiil Era Kelulau, Fourth Regular Session, October 2001. (Olbiil Era Kelulau: Koror, Republic of Palau)

Randall, JE (1998). Zoogeography of shore fishes of the Indo-Pacific region. Zoological Studies 37, 227–268.

Republic of Palau (2019) National tourism regulations of the Republic of Palau. Available at https://www.palaugov.pw/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Regulation-Governing-Tour-Operators.pdf [Accessed 10 March 2021]

Rika N (2017) Bad boy: Vietnam earns villian status. Available at http://www.tunapacific.org/tag/blue-boats/. [Accessed 21 June 2018]

Rosa, R, Baptista, M, Lopes, VM, Pegado, MR, Ricardo Paula, J, Trübenbach, K, Leal, MC, Calado, R, and Repolho, T (2014). Early-life exposure to climate change impairs tropical shark survival. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, 20141738.
| Early-life exposure to climate change impairs tropical shark survival.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25209942PubMed |

RPPL 10-35 (2019) RPPL No. 10-35: Amendment to the PNMS.

RPPL 9-49 (2015) RPPL No. 9-49: Palau National Marine Sanctuary Act.

Shiffman, D, and Hammerschlag, N (2016). Shark conservation and management policy: a review and primer for non-specialists. Animal Conservation 19, 401–412.
| Shark conservation and management policy: a review and primer for non-specialists.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Simpfendorfer, C, Heupel, M, White, W, and Dulvy, N (2011). The importance of research and public opinion to conservation management of sharks and rays: a synthesis. Marine and Freshwater Research 62, 518–527.
| The importance of research and public opinion to conservation management of sharks and rays: a synthesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Simpfendorfer, CA, and Dulvy, NK (2017). Bright spots of sustainable shark fishing. Current Biology 27, R97–R98.
| Bright spots of sustainable shark fishing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28171764PubMed |

Smart, JJ, Chin, A, Baje, L, Green, ME, Appleyard, SA, Tobin, AJ, Simpfendorfer, CA, and White, WT (2016). Effects of including misidentified sharks in life history analyses: a case study on the grey reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos from Papua New Guinea. PLoS One 11, e0153116.
| Effects of including misidentified sharks in life history analyses: a case study on the grey reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos from Papua New Guinea.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27058734PubMed |

Stevens G, Fernando D, Di Sciara GN (2018) ‘Guide to the Manta and devil rays of the world’. (Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA)

Stevens, J, Bonfil, R, Dulvy, N, and Walker, P (2000). The effects of fishing on sharks, rays, and chimaeras (chondrichthyans), and the implications for marine ecosystems. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57, 476–494.
| The effects of fishing on sharks, rays, and chimaeras (chondrichthyans), and the implications for marine ecosystems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Stobutzki, I, Miller, M, and Brewer, D (2001). Sustainability of fishery bycatch: a process for assessing highly diverse and numerous bycatch. Environmental Conservation 28, 167–181.
| Sustainability of fishery bycatch: a process for assessing highly diverse and numerous bycatch.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Techera, EJ (2012). Fishing, finning and tourism: trends in Pacific shark conservation and management. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 27, 597–621.
| Fishing, finning and tourism: trends in Pacific shark conservation and management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Vianna, G, Meekan, MG, Ruppert, JL, Bornovski, TH, and Meeuwig, JJ (2016). Indicators of fishing mortality on reef-shark populations in the world’s first shark sanctuary: the need for surveillance and enforcement. Coral Reefs 35, 973–977.
| Indicators of fishing mortality on reef-shark populations in the world’s first shark sanctuary: the need for surveillance and enforcement.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Vianna G, Meekan M, Pannell D, Marsh S, Meeuwig J (2010) ‘Wanted dead or alive? The relative value of reef sharks as a fishery and an ecotourism asset in Palau’. (Australian Institute of Marine Science: Perth, Western Australia, Australia)

Vianna, G, Meekan, M, Pannell, D, Marsh, S, and Meeuwig, J (2012). Socio-economic value and community benefits from shark-diving tourism in Palau: a sustainable use of reef shark populations. Biological Conservation 145, 267–277.
| Socio-economic value and community benefits from shark-diving tourism in Palau: a sustainable use of reef shark populations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Vieira, S, Kinch, J, White, W, and Yaman, L (2017). Artisanal shark fishing in the Louisiade Archipelago, Papua New Guinea: socio-economic characteristics and management options. Ocean and Coastal Management 137, 43–56.
| Artisanal shark fishing in the Louisiade Archipelago, Papua New Guinea: socio-economic characteristics and management options.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Walter, J, and Ebert, D (1991). Preliminary estimates of age of the bronze whaler Carcharhinus brachyurus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) from southern Africa, with a review of some life history parameters. South African Journal of Marine Science 10, 37–44.
| Preliminary estimates of age of the bronze whaler Carcharhinus brachyurus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) from southern Africa, with a review of some life history parameters.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Ward-Paige, CA (2017). A global overview of shark sanctuary regulations and their impact on shark fisheries. Marine Policy 82, 87–97.
| A global overview of shark sanctuary regulations and their impact on shark fisheries.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. (2018) ‘Conservation and management measures and resolutions of the Western Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, April 2018.’ p. 223. (Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission: Kolonia, Federated States of Micronesia)

Wheeler, CR, Rummer, JL, Bailey, B, Lockwood, J, Vance, S, and Mandelman, JW (2021). Future thermal regimes for epaulette sharks (Hemiscyllium ocellatum): growth and metabolic performance cease to be optimal. Scientific Reports 11, 1–12.
| Future thermal regimes for epaulette sharks (Hemiscyllium ocellatum): growth and metabolic performance cease to be optimal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

White W, Last P, Naylor G, Jensen K, Caira J (2010) ‘Clarification of Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl, 1823) as a valid species, and a comparison with Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae).’ (CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research: Hobart, Tas., Australia)

White, WT, Appleyard, SA, Sabub, B, Kyne, PM, Harris, M, Lis, R, Baje, L, Usu, T, Smart, JJ, and Corrigan, S (2015). Rediscovery of the threatened river sharks, Glyphis garricki and G. glyphis, in Papua New Guinea. PLoS One 10, e0140075.
| Rediscovery of the threatened river sharks, Glyphis garricki and G. glyphis, in Papua New Guinea.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26445387PubMed |

White WT, Last PR, Stevens JD, Yearsley GK, Fahmi, Dharmadi (2006) ‘Sharks and rays of Indonesia.’ (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra, ACT, Australia)

Williams PG (1999) Shark and related species catch in tuna fisheries of the tropical western and central Pacific Ocean. Technical paper: 860–879. (FAO Fisheries: Rome, Italy)