Serious mortality in populations of giant clams on reefs surrounding Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef

Abstract

A survey of giant clams (family Tridacnidae) at Lizard Island fringing reefs on the Great Barrier Reef in July 1985 indicated that over the previous 6 weeks the combined total mortality for Tridacna gigas and T. derasa was 28% at Watson's Bay (WB) and 20% at the channel between Palfrey Island and South Island (P-S). Sporadic mortalities continued at intervals through to December 1985 when combined total mortalities at WB and P-S had reached 38% and 32%, respectively. By January 1987, mortality for these two species was 54% at WB and 51% at P-S. Deaths were not restricted to a particular size class and the average size of clams that died did not change with time during the study. Mortality rates for clams which had been previously biopsied for gonad condition and/or those induced to spawn with serotonin injection were not significantly different from controls. Distribution of dead clams was random to slightly clumped with respect to alive and dead clams within WB, and random within P-S. Results of heavy-metal analyses of tissues from moribund clams were similar to previous results for normal clams. The histopathology of tissues from six of eight moribund clams revealed an unidentified unicellular organism which was not found in Tridacna spp. from previous or subsequent samples from Lizard Island reefs or from other reef areas.