Quantitative electron microprobe mapping of otoliths suggests elemental incorporation is affected by organic matrices: implications for the interpretation of otolith chemistry
A. McFadden A B E , B. Wade B , C. Izzo C , B. M. Gillanders C , C. E. Lenehan D and A. Pring D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
B Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
C Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
D School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: aoife.mcfadden@adelaide.edu.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 67(7) 889-898 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF15074
Submitted: 25 February 2015 Accepted: 28 September 2015 Published: 27 November 2015
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2016 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
In an effort to understand the mechanism of otolith elemental incorporation, the distribution of strontium (Sr) and sulfur (S) in otoliths of Platycephalus bassensis was investigated in conjunction with otolith growth patterns. Optimisation of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) quantitative mapping achieved both high spatial resolution (<3 µm) and two-dimensional visualisation of the fine scale Sr and S distributions in otoliths of P. bassensis with minimal damage. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) mapping confirmed that grain growth is aligned with the otolith c-axis, with grain orientation independent of both otolith elemental composition and growth patterns. Results showed a linear correlation between Sr and S distribution (R2 = 0.86), and a clear association with the otolith growth patterns determined by scanning electron microscopy. Further examination by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) showed that incorporation of Mg and Ba appeared independent of both S distribution and the growth patterns. The results suggest that element incorporation into the otolith is linked to the organic composition in the endolymph during mineralisation, and the organic matrices may assist, in part, the uptake of Sr. Thus, these findings may have significant implications for the interpretation of otolith Sr chemistry.
Additional keywords: biomineralisation, electron backscatter diffraction, electron probe microanalysis, fish.
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