Use of aquatic plants to create fluctuating hypoxia in an experimental environment
Nicole Flint A D E , Richard G. Pearson A B and Michael R. Crossland B C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
B Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
C School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
D Present address: Centre for Environmental Management, Central Queensland University, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, Qld 4702, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: n.flint@cqu.edu.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 63(4) 351-360 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF11190
Submitted: 26 August 2011 Accepted: 22 November 2011 Published: 2 April 2012
Abstract
In freshwater systems, dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation frequently fluctuates, falling at night and rising during the day in response to respiration and photosynthesis, respectively, of aquatic biota. Low DO (hypoxia) is a common cause of fish kills in freshwater systems around the world. Laboratory studies on responses of fish to fluctuating DO are currently limited, and require techniques that produce a realistic cycle of DO depletion and replacement. Artificial DO-depletion mechanisms frequently used for hypoxia studies may underestimate the field effects of hypoxia on fish because of the lack of the naturally occurring synergistic effect of lower pH, and seldom allow fish to employ behavioural adaptations to hypoxia, such as aquatic surface respiration. We demonstrate proof-of-principle for an alternative method of creating fluctuating hypoxia in an experimental environment, using the natural rhythms of photosynthesis and respiration of aquatic plants to create realistic conditions. A range of volumes of aquatic macrophytes were used alone and in combination with fish to lower DO saturation in sealed freshwater aquaria, and achieved DO saturations as low as 1.3%. This cost-effective method can be deployed over long periods with minimal effort in comparison to traditional methods of DO reduction.
Additional keywords: barramundi, Ceratophyllum demersum, Lates calcarifer.
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