Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates glutathione metabolism and activities of glutathione related enzymes in Arabidopsis
Baris Uzilday A , Rengin Ozgur A , A. Hediye Sekmen A and Ismail Turkan A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
B Corresponding author. Email: ismail.turkan@ege.edu.tr
Functional Plant Biology 45(2) 284-296 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP17151
Submitted: 9 September 2016 Accepted: 30 July 2017 Published: 1 September 2017
Abstract
Stress conditions generate an extra load on protein folding machinery in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and if the ER cannot overcome this load, unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen, causing ER stress. ER lumen localised protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) catalyses the generation of disulfide bonds in conjugation with ER oxidoreductase1 (ERO1) during protein folding. Mismatched disulfide bonds are reduced by the conversion of GSH to GSSG. Under prolonged ER stress, GSH pool is oxidised and H2O2 is produced via increased activity of PDI-ERO1. However, it is not known how glutathione metabolism is regulated under ER stress in plants. So, in this study, ER stress was induced with tunicamycin (0.15, 0.3, 0.45 μg mL–1 Tm) in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Glutathione content was increased by ER stress, which was accompanied by induction of glutathione biosynthesis genes (GSH1, GSH2). Also, the apoplastic glutathione degradation pathway (GGT1) was induced. Further, the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were increased under ER stress. Results also showed that chloroplastic GPX genes were specifically downregulated with ER stress. This is the first report on regulation of glutathione metabolism and glutathione related enzymes in response to ER stress in plants.
Additional keywords: ER stress, tunicamycin, unfolded protein response.
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