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Challenges to Optimal Macadamia Kernel Quality in a Changing Climate

Suzy Rogiers , Kevin Quinlan, Jeremy Bright

Abstract

Macadamias are highly desired for their flavour and nutritional characteristics. Despite cultivation in their native habitat, unpredictable and extreme weather events are applying pressure on the Australian macadamia industry to maintain the production of high-quality kernels. The industry has experienced losses in yield and quality due to shifts in the timing and volume of rain in recent years, and this has identified the requirement for transformational changes in orchard agronomic practices. Pre-harvest conditions that impinge on kernel oil content, kernel recovery, whole kernels and kernel appearance are discussed in this review. Genotype, pollination, carbon dynamics, heatwaves, drought, waterlogging, soil properties, plant nutrition and pest and disease pressure are discussed. The impact of harvest and storage conditions on kernel quality are also reviewed. We propose opportunities for further research to optimise on-farm practices and to safeguard kernel quality post-harvest. This includes building on existing research to advance our understanding of the interaction of genetics with plant response to climate change. It also requires innovation to advance technologies that foster precision management, both spatially and temporally, in an environmentally sensitive manner.

FP24218  Accepted 16 March 2025

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