Cold-modulated leaf compounds in winter triticale DH lines tolerant to freezing and Microdochium nivale infection: LC-MS and Raman study
Gabriela Gołębiowska![https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2038-282X](/media/client/orcid_16x16.png)
A Pedagogical University of Krakow, Institute of Biology, Podchorążych 2, Kraków 30-084, Poland.
B Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland.
Functional Plant Biology 49(8) 725-741 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP21300
Submitted: 19 April 2021 Accepted: 12 March 2022 Published: 5 April 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Tolerance to freezing and seedling diseases caused by Microdochium spp. is an essential trait for the wintering of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) and other cereals. Preceding multi-year studies indicate that after long-term exposure to the low temperature, cereal seedlings acquire a genotype-dependent cross-tolerance to other subsequent stresses. This paper presents the first non-gel protein profiling performed via high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry as well as Fourier Transform-Raman spectroscopy measurements performed directly on leaves of triticale seedlings growing under different conditions. The research used doubled haploid lines selected from the mapping population, with extreme tolerance/susceptibility to freezing and M. nivale infection. These non-targeted methods led to the detection of twenty two proteins cold-accumulated in the most tolerant seedlings in relation to susceptible ones, classified as involved in protein biosynthesis, response to different stimuli, energy balancing, oxidative stress response, protein modification, membrane structure and anthocyanin synthesis. Additionally, in seedlings of the most freezing- and M. nivale-tolerant line, cold-hardening caused decrease of the carotenoid and chlorophyll content. Moreover, a decrease in the band intensity typical for carbohydrates as well as an increase in the band intensity characteristic for protein compounds were detected. Both studied lines revealed a different answer to stress in the characteristics of phenolic components.
Keywords: biosynthesis, cold-acclimation, crops, cross-tolerance, energy balance, FT-Raman spectroscopy, label-free protein quantification, stress response.
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