The Major Proteins of Wheat Endosperm Starch Granules

Abstract

Wheat starch contains two classes of associated proteins: proteins which are embedded within the granule and loosely associated surface proteins. The characterisation of the major proteins that are embedded in the granule are described. Gel electrophoresis on the basis of size resolved these proteins into five bands of molecular weights 60, 75, 85, 100 and 105 kDa. These polypeptides were demonstrated to be within the granule by their resistance to proteinase K digestion when granules were ungelatinised. The N-terminal sequences of these polypeptides are reported. The most prominent polypeptide is the 60 kDa granule-bound starch synthase. The N-terminal sequence obtained from the 75 kDa polypeptide shows homology to rice soluble starch synthase. The 85 kDa band was resolved into at least two types of polypeptides, one of which reacted with polyclonal antiserum to the maize branching enzyme IIb. The 100 and 105 kDa polypeptides were located only in the granule and are related, on the basis of N-terminal sequence similarity and cross-reactivity to monoclonal antibodies. SDS-PAGE and monoclonal antibody cross-reactivity experiments suggest that the 100 and 105 kDa polypeptides are absent from starch granules from all other species examined, including other cereals. It is speculated that all the major granule proteins are involved in starch biosynthesis.