Metabolic control of photosynthetic electron transport in crassulacean acid metabolism-induced Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

Abstract

This paper originates from a presentation at the IIIrd International Congress on Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia, August 2001.

We investigated photosynthetic electron transport in leaves of the facultative crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. After CAM induction, electron transport exhibited variable redox kinetics during the diurnal CAM cycle. In CAM Phase IV, most of PSI (P₇₀₀) and chlorophyll a fluorescence relaxed with a halftime of 20 ms after a saturating light pulse. This time-constant may reflect the overall linear electron flux from PSII to PSI in saturating light. Comparable relaxation kinetics were also determined for C₃ plants.

At the end of CAM Phase I and during Phase II, slow components (> 50% of signal amplitude) appeared in both P₇₀₀ reduction and fluorescence relaxation. They displayed halftimes > 250 ms and > 1 s, suggesting a strong restriction of the linear electron flux from H₂O to NADP. The appearance of the slow redox components was accompanied by a decrease in the F_v/F_m ratio of chlorophyll a fluorescence, suggesting a reversible detachment of light-harvesting complex (LHC) II from PSII. The slow redox fractions and the depression of F_v/F_m disappeared again in parallel to malate decarboxylation during CAM Phase III.

We discuss a reversible downregulation of linear electron flux during CAM Phases II and III, due to a reversible deprivation of cytochrome-b₆f complexes (cyt-bfs) and PSI from the linear system. In parallel, a redistribution of some LHCIIs could also occur. This could be an adaptive response to a reduced metabolic demand for NADPH due to a limited carbon flux through the Calvin cycle, resulting from low Rubisco activation. Furthermore, the cyt-bfs and PSIs deprived of linear electron transport could support cyclic electron flux to cover an increased ATP demand during gluconeogenesis in CAM Phase III.