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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 51(2)

Upregulation of TaHSP90A transcripts enhances heat tolerance and increases grain yield in wheat under changing climate conditions

Ali Ammar A , Zulfiqar Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-3338 A B C * , Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique A , Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman D and Imtiaz Ali E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 6000, Pakistan.

B Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.

C Programs and Projects Department, Islamic Organization for Food Security, Astana 019900, Kazakhstan.

D Department of Agronomy, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 6000, Pakistan.

E Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bahawalpur 63100. Pakistan.

* Correspondence to: zulfiqar.ali@mnsuam.edu.pk, zulfiqarpbg@hotmail.com

Handling Editor: Inzamam Haq

Functional Plant Biology 51, FP23275 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP23275
Submitted: 8 November 2023  Accepted: 18 January 2024  Published: 8 February 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Plants have certain adaptation mechanisms to combat temperature extremes and fluctuations. The heat shock protein (HSP90A) plays a crucial role in plant defence mechanisms under heat stress. In silico analysis of the eight TaHSP90A transcripts showed diverse structural patterns in terms of intron/exons, domains, motifs and cis elements in the promoter region in wheat. These regions contained cis elements related to hormones, biotic and abiotic stress and development. To validate these findings, two contrasting wheat genotypes E-01 (thermo-tolerant) and SHP-52 (thermo-sensitive) were used to evaluate the expression pattern of three transcripts TraesCS2A02G033700.1, TraesCS5B02G258900.3 and TraesCS5D02G268000.2 in five different tissues at five different temperature regimes. Expression of TraesCS2A02G033700.1 was upregulated (2-fold) in flag leaf tissue after 1 and 4 h of heat treatment in E-01. In contrast, SHP-52 showed downregulated expression after 1 h of heat treatment. Additionally, it was shown that under heat stress, the increased expression of TaHSP90A led to an increase in grain production. As the molecular mechanism of genes involved in heat tolerance at the reproductive stage is mostly unknown, these results provide new insights into the role of TaHSP90A transcripts in developing phenotypic plasticity in wheat to develop heat-tolerant cultivars under the current changing climate scenario.

Keywords: abiotic stress, climate change, food security, functional genomics, heat shock proteins, heat tolerance, spatial and temporal expression, Triticum aestivum L.

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