The roles of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting: a review focusing on mango (Mangifera indica)

Gerhard C. Rossouw; Ryan Orr; Dale Bennett; Ian S. E. Bally

doi:10.1071/FP23195

REVIEW (Open Access)

Next Contents Vol 51(4)

The roles of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting: a review focusing on mango (Mangifera indica)

Gerhard C. Rossouw

^A ^* , Ryan Orr ^A , Dale Bennett ^A and Ian S. E. Bally ^A

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba Research Facility, Mareeba 4880, Qld, Australia.

^* Correspondence to: gerhard.rossouw@daf.qld.gov.au

Handling Editor: Thomas Roberts

Functional Plant Biology 51, FP23195 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP23195

Submitted: 31 August 2023 Accepted: 17 March 2024 Published: 9 April 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Reproductive development of fruiting trees, including mango (Mangifera indica L.), is limited by non-structural carbohydrates. Competition for sugars increases with cropping, and consequently, vegetative growth and replenishment of starch reserves may reduce with high yields, resulting in interannual production variability. While the effect of crop load on photosynthesis and the distribution of starch within the mango tree has been studied, the contribution of starch and sugars to different phases of reproductive development requires attention. This review focuses on mango and examines the roles of non-structural carbohydrates in fruiting trees to clarify the repercussions of crop load on reproductive development. Starch buffers the plant’s carbon availability to regulate supply with demand, while sugars provide a direct resource for carbon translocation. Sugar signalling and interactions with phytohormones play a crucial role in flowering, fruit set, growth, ripening and retention, as well as regulating starch, sugar and secondary metabolites in fruit. The balance between the leaf and fruit biomass affects the availability and contributions of starch and sugars to fruiting. Crop load impacts photosynthesis and interactions between sources and sinks. As a result, the onset and rate of reproductive processes are affected, with repercussions for fruit size, composition, and the inter-annual bearing pattern.

Keywords: carbohydrate metabolism, carbon allocation, crop physiology, flowering, fruit development, hormonal regulation, starch, sugar sensing, yield.

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