Melatonin improves the photosynthesis in Dracocephalum kotschyi under salinity stress in a Ca2+/CaM-dependent manner
Farinaz Vafadar A , Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
A B * , Parviz Ehsanzadeh C and Faezeh Ghanati D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
B Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
C Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
D Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), POB 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
Functional Plant Biology 49(1) 89-101 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP21233
Submitted: 7 August 2021 Accepted: 21 October 2021 Published: 19 November 2021
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
This study investigated: (1) the effects of various concentrations of melatonin (MT) and Ca2+; and (2) the impact of crosstalk between these signal molecules on photosynthesis and salt tolerance of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. Results indicated that 5 mM CaCl2, as well as 100 μM MT were the best concentrations for increasing shoot dry weight, leaf area, SPAD index, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and decreasing malondialdehyde content under salinity stress. The impact of MT on growth and photosynthesis was closely linked to its effect on enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves. Application of p-chlorophenylalanine, as an inhibitor of MT biosynthesis, negated the impacts of MT on the aforementioned attributes. Salinity and MT boosted cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Exogenous MT, as well as Ca2+, enhanced tolerance index, membrane stability, leaf area, the content of chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and carotenoids (Car), Fv/Fm, and stomatal conductance under salinity stress. These impacts of MT were eliminated by applying a calmodulin antagonist, a Ca2+ chelator and a Ca2+ channel blocker. These novel findings indicate that the MT-induced effects on photosynthetic parameters and salt-evoked oxidative stress were mediated through calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) signalling.
Keywords: antioxidant response, calcium/calmodulin, Dracocephalum kotschyi, melatonin, photosynthesis, relative water content, salinity stress, signaling.
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