Gimme shelter: three-dimensional architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum, the replication site of grapevine Pinot gris virus
Laura Pagliari A , Giulia Tarquini
A , Alberto Loschi A , Sara Buoso A , Gregor Kapun B C , Paolo Ermacora A and Rita Musetti A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine,via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 – Udine, Italy.
B National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
C Centre of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology – Nanocenter, Jamova 39, SI1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
D Corresponding author. Email: rita.musetti@uniud.it
Functional Plant Biology 48(10) 1074-1085 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP21084
Submitted: 18 March 2021 Accepted: 5 July 2021 Published: 31 August 2021
Abstract
Grapevine leaf mottling and deformation is a novel grapevine disease that has been associated with grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV). The virus was observed exclusively inside membrane-bound structures in the bundle sheath cells of the infected grapevines. As reported widely in the literature, many positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses modify host-cell membranes to form a variety of deformed organelles, which shelter viral genome replication from host antiviral compounds. Morphologically, the GPGV-associated membranous structures resemble the deformed endoplasmic reticulum described in other virus-host interactions. In this study we investigated the GPGV-induced membranous structures observed in the bundle sheath cells of infected plants. The upregulation of different ER stress-related genes was evidenced by RT-qPCR assays, further confirming the involvement of the ER in grapevine/GPGV interaction. Specific labelling of the membranous structures with an antibody against luminal-binding protein identified them as ER. Double-stranded RNA molecules, which are considered intermediates of viral replication, were localised exclusively in the ER-derived structures and indicated that GPGV exploited this organelle to replicate itself in a shelter niche. Novel analyses using focussed ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) were performed in grapevine leaf tissues to detail the three-dimensional organisation of the ER-derived structures and their remodelling due to virus replication.
Keywords: Betaflexiviridae, FIB-SEM, GPGV, grapevine, 3-D imaging, immuno-electron microscopy, virus, leaf mottling and deformation, disease, vineyards, virus–host interactions.
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