Monochromatic red light during plant growth decreases the size and improves the functionality of stomata in chrysanthemum
Mehdi Seif A , Sasan Aliniaeifard A F , Mostafa Arab A , Mahboobeh Zare Mehrjerdi A , Aida Shomali A , Dimitrios Fanourakis
B F , Tao Li C and Ernst Woltering D E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Photosynthesis laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
B Hellenic Mediterranean University, Department of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Landscape and Environment, Specialisation of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Estavromenos, Heraklion, Crete, 71004, Greece.
C Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
D Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, Netherlands.
E Wageningen University, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands.
F Corresponding author. Email: aliniaeifard@ut.ac.ir; dimitrios.fanourakis82@gmail.com
Functional Plant Biology 48(5) 515-528 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP20280
Submitted: 8 September 2020 Accepted: 15 December 2020 Published: 18 January 2021
Abstract
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) now enable precise light quality control. Prior to commercialisation however, the plant response to the resultant light quality regime ought to be addressed. The response was examined here in chrysanthemum by evaluating growth, chlorophyll fluorescence (before and following water deficit), as well as stomatal anatomy (density, size, pore dimensions and aperture heterogeneity) and closing ability. Plants were grown under blue (B), red (R), a mixture of R (70%) and B (RB), or white (W; 41% B, 39% intermediate spectrum, 20% R) light LEDs. Although R light promoted growth, it also caused leaf deformation (epinasty) and disturbed the photosynthetic electron transport system. The largest stomatal size was noted following growth under B light, whereas the smallest under R light. The largest stomatal density was observed under W light. Monochromatic R light stimulated both the rate and the degree of stomatal closure in response to desiccation compared with the other light regimes. We conclude that stomatal size is mainly controlled by the B spectrum, whereas a broader spectral range is important for determining stomatal density. Monochromatic R light enhanced stomatal ability to regulate water loss upon desiccation.
Keywords: blue light, Chrysanthemum morifolium, indoor horticulture, LED, light emitting diode, light quality, O–J–I–P-transient, red light, stomatal anatomy, stomatal closing ability, stomatal size, white light.
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