Cytoplasmic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays an important role in the silicon-enhanced alkaline tolerance in highland barley
Qiang He A , Ping Li B , Wenya Zhang A and Yurong Bi
A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China.
B State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, People’s Republic of China.
C Corresponding author. Email: yrbi@lzu.edu.cn
Functional Plant Biology 48(2) 119-130 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP20084
Submitted: 25 March 2020 Accepted: 22 July 2020 Published: 11 August 2020
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), as a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, extensively responds to the biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study we focussed on the G6PDH role in the alleviation of alkaline stress induced by silicon (Si) in highland barley. Application of Si reduced the water loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, improved the fresh weight, photosynthesis, K+ content, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, thus alleviating the damage caused by alkaline stress. The G6PDH activity, especially the cytoplasmic G6PDH, significantly increased under alkaline stress, and was further stimulated by the addition of exogenous Si. Meanwhile, the levels of NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH) showed similar profiles to G6PDH activity under NaHCO3 and NaHCO3 + Si treatments. The inhibition of G6PDH activity by glucosamine abolished the relieving effect of Si on alkaline stress, which was manifested in the increase of ROS and the decrease of GSH content. Together, our results suggest that Si-enhanced tolerance of alkaline stress may be related to the regulation of GSH levels by the cytoplasmic G6PDH in highland barley.
Additional keywords: alkaline stress, G6PDH, GSH, highland barley, silicon.
References
Abbas T, Balal RM, Shahid MA, Pervez MA, Ayyub CM, Aqueel MA, Javaid MM (2015) Silicon-induced alleviation of NaCl toxicity in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is associated with enhanced photosynthesis, osmoprotectants and antioxidant metabolism. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37, 6| Silicon-induced alleviation of NaCl toxicity in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is associated with enhanced photosynthesis, osmoprotectants and antioxidant metabolism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Abd El-Samad HMA, Shaddad MAK (1996) Comparative effect of sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride on the growth and related metabolic activities of pea plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition 19, 717–728.
| Comparative effect of sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride on the growth and related metabolic activities of pea plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Abdel Latef AA, Tran LSP (2016) Impacts of priming with silicon on the growth and tolerance of maize plants to alkaline stress. Frontiers in Plant Science 7, 243
Alexieva V, Sergiev I, Mapelli S, Karanov E (2001) The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat. Plant, Cell & Environment 24, 1337–1344.
| The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Anderson AB, Frampton LJ, Mckeand SE, Hodges JF (1992) Tissue-culture shoot and root-system effects on field performance of loblolly pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, 56–61.
| Tissue-culture shoot and root-system effects on field performance of loblolly pine.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bosnic P, Bosnic D, Jasnic J, Nikolic M (2018) Silicon mediates sodium transport and partitioning in maize under moderate salt stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany 155, 681–687.
| Silicon mediates sodium transport and partitioning in maize under moderate salt stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Campbell SA, Nishio JN (2000) Iron deficiency studies of sugar beet using an improved sodium bicarbonate-buffered hydroponic growth system. Journal of Plant Nutrition 23, 741–757.
| Iron deficiency studies of sugar beet using an improved sodium bicarbonate-buffered hydroponic growth system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cardi M, Castiglia D, Ferrara M, Guerriero G, Chiurazzi M, Esposito S (2015) The effects of salt stress cause a diversion of basal metabolism in barley roots: possible different roles for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isoforms. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 86, 44–54.
| The effects of salt stress cause a diversion of basal metabolism in barley roots: possible different roles for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isoforms.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25461699PubMed |
Dubey AK, Barad S, Luria N, Kumar D, Espeso EA, Prusky DB (2016) Cation-stress-responsive transcription factors SItA and CrzA regulate morphogenetic processes and pathogenicity of Colletotrichurn gloeosporioides. PLoS One 11, e0168561
| Cation-stress-responsive transcription factors SItA and CrzA regulate morphogenetic processes and pathogenicity of Colletotrichurn gloeosporioides.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28030573PubMed |
Elstner EF, Heupel A (1976) Inhibition of nitrite formation from hydroxylammoniumchloride: a simple assay for superoxide dismutase. Analytical Biochemistry 70, 616–620.
| Inhibition of nitrite formation from hydroxylammoniumchloride: a simple assay for superoxide dismutase.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 817618PubMed |
Eraslan F, Inal A, Pilbeam DJ, Gunes A (2008) Interactive effects of salicylic acid and silicon on oxidative damage and antioxidant activity in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Matador) grown under boron toxicity and salinity. Plant Growth Regulation 55, 207–219.
| Interactive effects of salicylic acid and silicon on oxidative damage and antioxidant activity in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Matador) grown under boron toxicity and salinity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fauteux F, Remus-Borel W, Menzies JG, Belanger RR (2005) Silicon and plant disease resistance against pathogenic fungi. FEMS Microbiology Letters 249, 1–6.
| Silicon and plant disease resistance against pathogenic fungi.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16006059PubMed |
Flam-Shepherd R, Huynh WQ, Coskun D, Hamam AM, Britto DT, Kronzucker HJ (2018) Membrane fluxes, bypass flows, and sodium stress in rice: the influence of silicon. Journal of Experimental Botany 69, 1679–1692.
| Membrane fluxes, bypass flows, and sodium stress in rice: the influence of silicon.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29342282PubMed |
Flowers TJ, Hajibagheri MA (2001) Salinity tolerance in Hordeum vulgare: ion concentrations in root cells of cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Plant and Soil 231, 1–9.
| Salinity tolerance in Hordeum vulgare: ion concentrations in root cells of cultivars differing in salt tolerance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gallego SM, Kogan MJ, Azpilicueta CE, Pena C, Tomaro ML (2005) Glutathione-mediated antioxidative mechanisms in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cells in response to cadmium stress. Plant Growth Regulation 46, 267–276.
| Glutathione-mediated antioxidative mechanisms in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cells in response to cadmium stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gaucher C, Boudier A, Bonetti J, Clarot I, Leroy P, Parent M (2018) Glutathione: antioxidant properties dedicated to nanotechnologies. Antioxidants 7, 62–82.
| Glutathione: antioxidant properties dedicated to nanotechnologies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Geng A, Wang X, Wu L, Wang F, Wu Z, Yang H, Chen Y, Wen D, Liu X (2018) Silicon improves growth and alleviates oxidative stress in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) by strengthening antioxidant defense and enhancing protein metabolism under arsanilic acid exposure. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 158, 266–273.
| Silicon improves growth and alleviates oxidative stress in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) by strengthening antioxidant defense and enhancing protein metabolism under arsanilic acid exposure.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29715631PubMed |
Gong HJ, Zhu XY, Chen KM, Wang SM, Zhang CL (2005) Silicon alleviates oxidative damage of wheat plants in pots under drought. Plant Science 169, 313–321.
| Silicon alleviates oxidative damage of wheat plants in pots under drought.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gong B, Wen D, VandenLangenherg K, Wei M, Yang FJ, Shi QH, Wang XF (2013) Comparative effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 stress on photosynthetic parameters, nutrient metabolism, and the antioxidant system in tomato leaves. Scientia Horticulturae 157, 1–12.
| Comparative effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 stress on photosynthetic parameters, nutrient metabolism, and the antioxidant system in tomato leaves.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gong B, Wen D, Bloszies S, Li X, Wei M, Yang FJ, Shi QH, Wang XF (2014) Comparative effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 stresses on respiratory metabolism, antioxidant system, nutritional status, and organic acid metabolism in tomato roots. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 36, 2167–2181.
| Comparative effects of NaCl and NaHCO3 stresses on respiratory metabolism, antioxidant system, nutritional status, and organic acid metabolism in tomato roots.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Guan QJ, Ma HY, Wang ZJ, Wang ZY, Bu QY, Liu SK (2016) A rice LSD1-like-type ZFP gene OsLOL5 enhances saline-alkaline tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, yeast and rice. BMC Genomics 17, 142
| A rice LSD1-like-type ZFP gene OsLOL5 enhances saline-alkaline tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, yeast and rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26920613PubMed |
Gunes A, Inal A, Bagci EG, Pilbeam DJ (2007) Silicon-mediated changes of some physiological and enzymatic parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress in spinach and tomato grown in sodic-B toxic soil. Plant and Soil 290, 103–114.
| Silicon-mediated changes of some physiological and enzymatic parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress in spinach and tomato grown in sodic-B toxic soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hamayun M, Sohn EY, Khan SA, Shinwari ZK, Khan AL, Lee IJ (2010) Silicon alleviates the adverse effects of salinity and drought stress on growth and endogenous plant growth hormones of soybean (Glycine max L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany 42, 1713–1722.
He Q, Wang XM, He L, Yang L, Wang SW, Bi YR (2019) Alternative respiration pathway is involved in the response of highland barley to salt stress. Plant Cell Reports 38, 295–309.
| Alternative respiration pathway is involved in the response of highland barley to salt stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 30542981PubMed |
Joudmand A, Hajiboland R (2019) Silicon mitigates cold stress in barley plants via modifying the activity of apoplasmic enzymes and concentration of metabolites. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 41, 29
| Silicon mitigates cold stress in barley plants via modifying the activity of apoplasmic enzymes and concentration of metabolites.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kim SG, Kim ST, Kang SY, Wang Y, Kim W, Kang KY (2008) Proteomic analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related proteins in rice roots. Plant Cell Reports 27, 363–375.
| Proteomic analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related proteins in rice roots.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17932678PubMed |
Landi S, Nurcato R, De Lillo A, Lentini M, Grillo S, Esposito S (2016) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a central role in the response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to short and long-term drought. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 105, 79–89.
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a central role in the response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to short and long-term drought.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 27085599PubMed |
Li R, Shi F, Fukuda K (2010) Interactive effects of various salt and alkaline stresses on growth, organic solutes, and cation accumulation in a halophyte Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae). Environmental and Experimental Botany 68, 66–74.
| Interactive effects of various salt and alkaline stresses on growth, organic solutes, and cation accumulation in a halophyte Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Li P, Zhao CZ, Zhand YQ, Wang XM, Wang JF, Wang F, Bi YR (2017) Silicon enhances the tolerance of Poa annua to cadmium by inhibiting its absorption and oxidative stress. Biologia Plantarum 61, 741–750.
| Silicon enhances the tolerance of Poa annua to cadmium by inhibiting its absorption and oxidative stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Liang Y, Chen Q, Liu Q, Zhang W, Ding R (2003) Exogenous silicon (Si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 160, 1157–1164.
| Exogenous silicon (Si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 14610884PubMed |
Lichtenthaler HK, Ac A, Marek MV, Kalina J, Urban O (2007) Differences in pigment composition, photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll fluorescence images of sun and shade leaves of four tree species. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 45, 577–588.
| Differences in pigment composition, photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll fluorescence images of sun and shade leaves of four tree species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17587589PubMed |
Lin SZ, Zhang ZY, Liu W F, Lin YZ, Zhang Q, Zhu BQ (2005) Role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in freezing-induced freezing resistance of Populus suaveolens. Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology 31, 34–40.
Liu J, Wang XM, Hu YF, Hu W, Bi YR (2013) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a pivotal role in tolerance to drought stress in soybean roots. Plant Cell Reports 32, 415–429.
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a pivotal role in tolerance to drought stress in soybean roots.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23233130PubMed |
Liu D, Liu M, Liu XL, Cheng XG, Liang ZW (2018) Silicon priming created an enhanced tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings in response to high alkaline stress. Frontiers in Plant Science 9, 716
| Silicon priming created an enhanced tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings in response to high alkaline stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29896213PubMed |
Ma JF, Yamaji N (2006) Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends in Plant Science 11, 392–397.
| Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16839801PubMed |
Mateos-Naranjo E, Galle A, Florez-Sarasa I, Perdomo JA, Galmes J, Ribas-Carbo M, Flexas J (2015) Assessment of the role of silicon in the Cu-tolerance of the C4 grass Spartina densiflora. Journal of Plant Physiology 178, 74–83.
| Assessment of the role of silicon in the Cu-tolerance of the C4 grass Spartina densiflora.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25800224PubMed |
Maxwell DP, Wang Y, McIntosh L (1999) The alternative oxidase lowers mitochondrial reactive oxygen production in plant cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96, 8271–8276.
| The alternative oxidase lowers mitochondrial reactive oxygen production in plant cells.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 10393984PubMed |
Miao BH, Han XG, Zhang WH (2010) The ameliorative effect of silicon on soybean seedlings grown in potassium-deficient medium. Annals of Botany 105, 967–973.
| The ameliorative effect of silicon on soybean seedlings grown in potassium-deficient medium.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20338952PubMed |
Ming DF, Pei ZF, Naeem MS, Gong HJ, Zhou WJ (2012) Silicon alleviates PEG-induced water-deficit stress in upland rice seedlings by enhancing osmotic adjustment. Journal Agronomy & Crop Science 198, 14–26.
| Silicon alleviates PEG-induced water-deficit stress in upland rice seedlings by enhancing osmotic adjustment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mittler R (2002) Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science 7, 405–410.
| Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12234732PubMed |
Noctor G, Gomez L, Vanacker H, Foyer CH (2002) Interactions between biosynthesis, compartmentation and transport in the control of glutathione homeostasis and signalling. Journal of Experimental Botany 53, 1283–1304.
| Interactions between biosynthesis, compartmentation and transport in the control of glutathione homeostasis and signalling.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 11997376PubMed |
Prochazkova D, Sairam RK, Srivastava GC, Singh DV (2001) Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity as the basis of senescence in maize leaves. Plant Science 161, 765–771.
| Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity as the basis of senescence in maize leaves.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Queval G, Noctor G (2007) A plate reader method for the measurement of NAD, NADP, glutathione, and ascorbate in tissue extracts: application to redox profiling during Arabidopsis rosette development. Analytical Biochemistry 363, 58–69.
| A plate reader method for the measurement of NAD, NADP, glutathione, and ascorbate in tissue extracts: application to redox profiling during Arabidopsis rosette development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 17288982PubMed |
Riedell WE (2016) Growth and ion accumulation responses of four grass species to salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition 39, 2115–2125.
| Growth and ion accumulation responses of four grass species to salinity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Scharte J, Schön H, Tjaden Z, Weis E, von Schaewen A (2009) Isoenzyme replacement of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the cytosol improves stress tolerance in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106, 8061–8066.
| Isoenzyme replacement of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the cytosol improves stress tolerance in plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19416911PubMed |
Shelke DB, Pandey M, Nikalje GC, Zaware BN, Suprasanna P, Nikam TD (2017) Salt responsive physiological, photosynthetic and biochemical attributes at early seedling stage for screening soybean genotypes. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 118, 519–528.
| Salt responsive physiological, photosynthetic and biochemical attributes at early seedling stage for screening soybean genotypes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 28772255PubMed |
Smith IK, Vierheller TL, Thorne CA (1988) Assay of glutathione reductase in crude tissue homogenates using 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid). Analytical Biochemistry 175, 408–413.
| Assay of glutathione reductase in crude tissue homogenates using 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 3239770PubMed |
Szalai G, Kellos T, Galiba G, Kocsy G (2009) Glutathione as an antioxidant and regulatory molecule in plants under abiotic stress conditions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 28, 66–80.
| Glutathione as an antioxidant and regulatory molecule in plants under abiotic stress conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tamai K, Ma JF (2008) Reexamination of silicon effects on rice growth and production under field conditions using a low silicon mutant. Plant and Soil 307, 21–27.
| Reexamination of silicon effects on rice growth and production under field conditions using a low silicon mutant.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tuna AL, Kaya C, Higgs D, Murillo-Amador B, Aydemir S, Girgin AR (2008) Silicon improves salinity tolerance in wheat plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany 62, 10–16.
| Silicon improves salinity tolerance in wheat plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
van der Vorm PDJ (1987) Dry ashing of plant material and dissolution of the ash in HF for the colorimetric determination of silicon. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 18, 1181–1189.
| Dry ashing of plant material and dissolution of the ash in HF for the colorimetric determination of silicon.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Vishwakarma A, Tetali SD, Selinski J, Scheibe R, Padmasree K (2015) Importance of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway in regulating cellular redox and ROS homeostasis to optimize photosynthesis during restriction of the cytochrome oxidase pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Annals of Botany 116, 555–569.
| Importance of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway in regulating cellular redox and ROS homeostasis to optimize photosynthesis during restriction of the cytochrome oxidase pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26292995PubMed |
Wang H, Wu Z, Chen Y, Yang C, Shi D (2011) Effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth and ion balance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant, Soil and Environment 57, 286–294.
| Effects of salt and alkali stresses on growth and ion balance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang G, Zhu QG, Meng QW (2012) Transcript profiling during salt stress of young cotton (Gossypium hrsutum) seedlings via Solexa sequencing. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 34, 107–115.
| Transcript profiling during salt stress of young cotton (Gossypium hrsutum) seedlings via Solexa sequencing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang XP, Geng SJ, Ma YQ, Shi DC, Yang CW, Wang H (2015) Growth, photosynthesis, solute accumulation, and ion balance of tomato plant under sodium- or potassium-salt stress and alkali stress. Agronomy Journal 107, 651–661.
| Growth, photosynthesis, solute accumulation, and ion balance of tomato plant under sodium- or potassium-salt stress and alkali stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang F, Wang XM, Zhao CZ, Wang JF, Li P, Dou YQ, Bi YR (2016) Alternative pathway is involved in the tolerance of highland barley to the low-nitrogen stress by maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis. Plant Cell Reports 35, 317–328.
| Alternative pathway is involved in the tolerance of highland barley to the low-nitrogen stress by maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26518429PubMed |
Wang JW, Tian H, Yu X, Zheng LP (2017) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays critical role in artemisinin production of Artemisia annua under salt stress. Biologia Plantarum 61, 529–539.
| Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays critical role in artemisinin production of Artemisia annua under salt stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yan SP, Zhang QY, Tang ZC, Su WA, Sun WN (2006) Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insights into chilling stress responses in rice. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 5, 484–496.
| Comparative proteomic analysis provides new insights into chilling stress responses in rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yang CW, Chong JN, Li CY, Kim CM, Shi DC, Wang DL (2007) Osmotic adjustment and ion balance traits of an alkali resistant halophyte Kochia sieversiana during adaptation to salt and alkali conditions. Plant and Soil 294, 263–276.
| Osmotic adjustment and ion balance traits of an alkali resistant halophyte Kochia sieversiana during adaptation to salt and alkali conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yang CW, Jianaer A, Li CY, Shi DC, Wang DL (2008a) Comparison of the effects of salt-stress and alkali-stress on photosynthesis and energy storage of an alkali-resistant halophyte Chloris virgata. Photosynthetica 46, 273–278.
| Comparison of the effects of salt-stress and alkali-stress on photosynthesis and energy storage of an alkali-resistant halophyte Chloris virgata.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yang CW, Wang P, Li CY, Shi DC, Wang DL (2008b) Comparison of effects of salt and alkali stresses on the growth and photosynthesis of wheat. Photosynthetica 46, 107–114.
| Comparison of effects of salt and alkali stresses on the growth and photosynthesis of wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yang C, Xu HH, Wang L, Liu J, Shi DC, Wang D (2009) Comparative effects of salt-stress and alkaline-stress on the growth, photosynthesis, solute accumulation, and ion balance of barley plants. Photosynthetica 47, 79–86.
| Comparative effects of salt-stress and alkaline-stress on the growth, photosynthesis, solute accumulation, and ion balance of barley plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yang Y, Fu Z, Su Y, Zhang X, Li G, Guo J, Que Y, Xu L (2015) A cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, ScG6PDH, plays a positive role in response to various abiotic stresses in sugarcane. Scientific Reports 4, 7090
| A cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, ScG6PDH, plays a positive role in response to various abiotic stresses in sugarcane.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zeng Y, Lan LQ, Luo H, Bai J, Yang MY, Miao C, Cai YF, Qiang XL, Chen F (2002) RAPD markers in diversity detection and variety identification of Tibetan hulless barley. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 20, 369–377.
| RAPD markers in diversity detection and variety identification of Tibetan hulless barley.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang Z, Nakano K, Maezawa S (2009) Comparison of the antioxidant enzymes of broccoli after cold or heat shock treatment at different storage temperatures. Postharvest Biology and Technology 54, 101–105.
| Comparison of the antioxidant enzymes of broccoli after cold or heat shock treatment at different storage temperatures.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
