Calcium oxalate degradation is involved in aerenchyma formation in Typha angustifolia leaves
Xiaomin Du A , Xiaolong Ren A , Lingli Wang A B , Ke Yang A , Guiliang Xin A , Guolun Jia A , Xilu Ni C and Wenzhe Liu A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China.
B Department of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng 044000, China.
C State Key Laboratory of Seedling Bioengineering, Ningxia Forestry Institute, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
D Corresponding author. Email: lwenzhe@nwu.edu.cn
Functional Plant Biology 45(9) 922-934 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP17349
Submitted: 11 December 2017 Accepted: 5 March 2018 Published: 10 April 2018
Abstract
Typha angustifolia L. (Typhaceae) is an emergent aquatic plant, and aerenchyma is formed through cell lysis in its leaves. The developing aerenchyma of T. angustifolia contains many CaOx crystals (raphides). Oxalate oxidase (OXO) (oxalate : oxygen oxidoreductase, EC1.2.3.4) can degrades calcium oxalate to carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). High level of H2O2 acts as a key inducer for different types of developmentally and environmentally programmed cell death (PCD) and can promote the formation of aerenchyma. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the relationship between aerenchyma formation and the degradation of CaOx crystals. Light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that CaOx crystals occurred between PCD-susceptible cells in the early phase of aerenchyma formation, and those cells and CaOx crystals were degraded at aerenchyma maturation. Cytochemical localisation was used to detect H2O2, and H2O2 was found in crystal idioblasts. In addition, the oxalate content, H2O2 content and OXO activity were determined. The results showed that the concentration of oxalate was the highest in the third cavity formation stage and the H2O2 concentration was also highest at this stage. Meanwhile, the activity of OXO was also high in the third cavity formation stage. TpOXO was highly expressed during the CaOx crystal degradation period by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. These results show that the degradation of CaOx crystals is involved in the regulation of the PCD process of aerenchyma. This study will contribute to understanding the changes in CaOx crystals during the formation of aerenchyma in T. angustifolia.
Additional keywords: calcium oxalate crystals, H2O2, oxalate oxidase, programmed cell death.
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