Overexpression of GSK3-like Kinase 5 (OsGSK5) in rice (Oryza sativa) enhances salinity tolerance in part via preferential carbon allocation to root starch
Maysaya Thitisaksakul A C , Maria C. Arias B , Shaoyun Dong A and Diane M. Beckles A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
B Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Unité Mixte de Recherche du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique no. 8576, 59655 Villeneuve D’Ascq cedex, France.
C Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
D Corresponding author. Email: dmbeckles@ucdavis.edu
Functional Plant Biology 44(7) 705-719 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP16424
Submitted: 4 December 2016 Accepted: 1 April 2017 Published: 8 May 2017
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is very sensitive to soil salinity. To identify endogenous mechanisms that may help rice to better survive salt stress, we studied a rice GSK3-like isoform (OsGSK5), an orthologue of a Medicago GSK3 previously shown to enhance salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis by altering carbohydrate metabolism. We wanted to determine whether OsGSK5 functions similarly in rice. OsGSK5 was cloned and sequence, expression, evolutionary and functional analyses were conducted. OsGSK5 was expressed highest in rice seedling roots and was both salt and sugar starvation inducible in this tissue. A short-term salt-shock (150 mM) activated OsGSK5, whereas moderate (50 mM) salinity over the same period repressed the transcript. OsGSK5 response to salinity was due to an ionic effect since it was unaffected by polyethylene glycol. We engineered a rice line with 3.5-fold higher OsGSK5 transcript, which better tolerated cultivation on saline soils (EC = 8 and 10 dS m–2). This line produced more panicles and leaves, and a higher shoot biomass under high salt stress than the control genotypes. Whole-plant 14C-tracing and correlative analysis of OsGSK5 transcript with eco-physiological assessments pointed to the accelerated allocation of carbon to the root and its deposition as starch, as part of the tolerance mechanism.
Additional keywords: carbohydrate, carbon allocation, carbon partitioning, salinity, salt stress, starch metabolism.
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