Cyclosis-mediated long distance communications of chloroplasts in giant cells of Characeae
Anna V. Komarova A B C , Vladimir S. Sukhov B and Alexander A. Bulychev A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
B Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin Avenue 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
C Corresponding author. Email: ava1945@mail.ru
This paper originates from a presentation at the Fourth International Symposium on Plant Signaling and Behavior, Komarov Botanical Institute RAS/Russian Science Foundation, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 19–23 June 2016.
Functional Plant Biology 45(2) 236-246 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP16283
Submitted: 8 August 2016 Accepted: 21 February 2017 Published: 24 March 2017
Abstract
Long-distance communications in giant characean internodal cells involve cytoplasmic streaming as an effective means for transportation of regulatory substances. The local illumination of Chara corallina Klein ex C.L.Willdenow internodal cells with an intense 30 s pulse of white light caused a transient increase of modulated chlorophyll fluorescence in cell regions positioned downstream the cytoplasmic flow after a delay whose duration increased with the axial distance from the light source. No changes in fluorescence were observed in cell regions residing upstream of the light spot. The transient increase in actual fluorescence Fʹ in cell areas exposed to constant dim illumination at large distances from the brightly lit area indicates the transmission of photosynthetically active metabolite between chloroplasts separated by 1–5 mm distances. The shapes of fluorescence transients were sensitive to retardation of cytoplasmic streaming by cytochalasin D and to variations in cyclosis velocity during gradual recovery of streaming after an instant arrest of cyclosis by elicitation of the action potential. Furthermore, the analysed fluorescence transients were skewed on the ascending or descending fronts depending on the position of light-modulated cytoplasmic package at the moment of streaming cessation with respect to the point of measurements. The observations are simulated in qualitative terms with a simplified streaming–diffusion model.
Additional keywords: advection, Chara corallina, cytoplasmic streaming, diffusion, modulated chlorophyll microfluorometry, plasma membrane excitation.
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