Defence mechanisms associated with mycorrhiza-induced resistance in wheat against powdery mildew
Ghalia Mustafa A , Ngan Giang Khong A , Benoît Tisserant A , Béatrice Randoux A , Joël Fontaine A , Maryline Magnin-Robert A , Philippe Reignault A and Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Univ Littoral Côte d’Opale, EA 4492 – UCEIV – Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, F-62228 Calais cedex, France.
B Corresponding author. Email: lounes@univ-littoral.fr
Functional Plant Biology 44(4) 443-454 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP16206
Submitted: 2 June 2016 Accepted: 12 December 2016 Published: 28 February 2017
Abstract
To develop a more sustainable agriculture using alternative control strategies, mechanisms involved in the biocontrol ability of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae to protect wheat against the foliar biotrophic pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici were investigated under controlled conditions. B. graminis infection on wheat leaves was reduced by 78% in mycorrhizal plants compared with non-mycorrhizal ones (control). Wheat roots inoculated with F. mosseae revealed a systemic resistance in leaves to B. graminis, after a 6-week co-culture. Accordingly, this resistance was associated with a significant reduction of B. graminis haustorium formation in epidermal leaf cells of mycorrhizal wheat and an accumulation of phenolic compounds and H2O2 at B. graminis penetration sites. Moreover, gene expression analysis demonstrated upregulation of genes encoding for several defence markers, such as peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chitinase 1 and nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related proteins 1 in mycorrhizal wheat only in the absence of the pathogen. This study showed that protection of wheat obtained against B. graminis in response to mycorrhizal inoculation by F. mosseae could be interpreted as a mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR). Our findings also suggest that MIR-associated mechanisms impaired the B. graminis development process and corresponded to a systemic elicitation of plant defences rather than a primed state in wheat leaves.
Additional keywords: arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, biocontrol, Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Funneliformis mosseae, Triticum aestivum L.
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