Early interconnectivity between metabolic and defense events against oxidative stress induced by cadmium in roots of four citrus rootstocks
Griselda Podazza A , Marta Arias B and Fernando E. Prado C D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Instituto de Ecología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, CP 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
B Cátedra de Anatomía Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Miguel Lillo 205, CP 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
C Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Miguel Lillo 205, CP 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
D Corresponding author. Email: fepra@csnat.unt.edu.ar
Functional Plant Biology 43(10) 973-985 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP16153
Submitted: 10 August 2015 Accepted: 1 June 2016 Published: 30 June 2016
Abstract
The effect of cadmium on roots of four citrus rootstocks was studied to assess the relationships between oxidative stress, carbohydrates, phenolics and antioxidant responses. Swingle citrumelo (SC), Rangpur lime (RL), Troyer citrange (TC) and Volkamer lemon (VL) genotypes were exposed to 0, 5 and 10 µM Cd over 7 days, after which Cd accumulation was markedly higher in roots compared with stems and leaves. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity increased in Cd-treated SC and RL roots, suggesting that a lipid peroxidation is the main driver of plasma membrane damage. In contrast, in TC and VL genotypes, LOX-mediated lipid peroxidation does not appear to play a key role in Cd-induced lipid peroxidation, but H2O2 accumulation seems to be responsible of less plasma membrane damage. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol and syringaldazine peroxidases (G-POD and S-POD respectively) were differentially affected by Cd. Lipid profile and ATPase-dependant proton extrusion indicated higher disfunctionalities of root plasma membrane in SC and RL genotypes than in TC and VL genotypes. Differences in carbohydrates and phenolic compounds were also observed. Histochemical analysis of G-POD activity and lignin and suberin deposition revealed differences among genotypes. A model to explain the relationships among carbohydrates, soluble phenolics, lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation in Cd-exposed roots was proposed.
Additional keywords: cadmium, defence, genotype, metabolism, oxidative stress, root.
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