Signalling via glutamate and GLRs in Arabidopsis thaliana
Matthias Weiland A C , Stefano Mancuso A and Frantisek Baluska B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
B Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
C Corresponding author. Email: matthias.weiland@unifi.it
Functional Plant Biology 43(1) 1-25 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP15109
Submitted: 28 April 2015 Accepted: 14 October 2015 Published: 23 November 2015
Abstract
The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) contains 20 coding sequences for homologues of animal ionotropic glutamate receptors. These glutamate receptor-like receptors act as sensors and mediators of a multitude of exogenous as well as endogenous signals and are found in all analysed plant species. Their molecular structure clearly indicates a function as integral membrane proteins with a ligand-gated ion channel activity. Altered gene expressions and the occurrence of mRNA splice variants confer a high flexibility on the gene as well as on the RNA level. An individual glutamate receptor of A. thaliana is able to bind two different ligands (most probable amino acids and their derivatives), whereas a functional receptor complex is likely to consist of four single proteins. These features enable an immense number of sensitivities against various local and temporal stimuli. This review encompasses the last 15 years of research concerning glutamate signalling and glutamate receptors in plants. It is aimed at summarising their major characteristics and involvements to obtain a broader and farer reaching perspective of these fundamental components of plant signal transduction.
Additional keywords: amino acid, calcium, electrophysiology, GLR, ion channel, signaling.
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