What drives fruit growth?
Robert C. O. Okello A B C , Ep Heuvelink B , Pieter H. B. de Visser A , Paul C. Struik C and Leo F. M. Marcelis B D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Wageningen University and Research Centre, Greenhouse Horticulture, PO Box 644, 6700 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands.
B Wageningen University and Research Centre, Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
C Wageningen University and Research Centre, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands.
D Corresponding author. Email: leo.marcelis@wur.nl
Functional Plant Biology 42(9) 817-827 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP15060
Submitted: 8 March 2015 Accepted: 25 May 2015 Published: 26 June 2015
Abstract
Cell division, endoreduplication (an increase in nuclear DNA content without cell division) and cell expansion are important processes for growth. It is debatable whether organ growth is driven by all three cellular processes. Alternatively, all could be part of a dominant extracellular growth regulatory mechanism. Cell level processes have been studied extensively and a positive correlation between cell number and fruit size is commonly reported, although few positive correlations between cell size or ploidy level and fruit size have been found. Here, we discuss cell-level growth dynamics in fruits and ask what drives fruit growth and during which development stages. We argue that (1) the widely accepted positive correlation between cell number and fruit size does not imply a causal relationship; (2) fruit growth is regulated by both cell autonomous and noncell autonomous mechanisms as well as a global coordinator, the target of rapamycin; and (3) increases in fruit size follow the neocellular theory of growth.
Additional keywords: cell division, cell expansion, endoreduplication, growth theory, target of rapamycin, TOR.
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