High night temperature induces contrasting responses for spikelet fertility, spikelet tissue temperature, flowering characteristics and grain quality in rice
Onoriode Coast A B C , Richard H. Ellis A , Alistair J. Murdoch A , Cherryl Quiñones B and Krishna S. V. Jagadish B DA School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, PO Box 237, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
B Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
C Present address: CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Locked Mail Bag 59, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: k.jagadish@irri.org
Functional Plant Biology 42(2) 149-161 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP14104
Submitted: 2 April 2014 Accepted: 19 July 2014 Published: 4 September 2014
Abstract
Climate change is increasing night temperature (NT) more than day temperature (DT) in rice-growing areas. Effects of combinations of NT (24−35°C) from microsporogenesis to anthesis at one or more DT (30 or 35°C) at anthesis on rice spikelet fertility, temperature within spikelets, flowering pattern, grain weight per panicle, amylose content and gel consistency were investigated in contrasting rice cultivars under controlled environments. Cultivars differed in spikelet fertility response to high NT, with higher fertility associated with cooler spikelets (P < 0.01). Flowering dynamics were altered by high NT and a novel high temperature tolerance complementary mechanism, shorter flower open duration in cv. N22, was identified. High NT reduced spikelet fertility, grain weight per panicle, amylose content and gel consistency, whereas high DT reduced only gel consistency. Night temperature >27°C was estimated to reduce grain weight. Generally, high NT was more damaging to grain weight and selected grain quality traits than high DT, with little or no interaction between them. The critical tolerance and escape traits identified, i.e. spikelet cooling, relatively high spikelet fertility, earlier start and peak time of anthesis and shorter spikelet anthesis duration can aid plant breeding programs targeting resilience in warmer climates.
Additional keywords: flowering dynamics, grain quality, high night temperature, rice, spikelet fertility.
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