Profiling of secondary metabolites in blue lupin inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi following phosphite treatment
Tiffany K. Gunning A , Xavier A. Conlan A C , Rhiannon M. Parker B , Gail A. Dyson A , Mike J. Adams B , Neil W. Barnett A and David M. Cahill A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic. 3217, Australia.
B Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: xavier@deakin.edu.au
Functional Plant Biology 40(11) 1089-1097 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP13023
Submitted: 24 January 2013 Accepted: 19 April 2013 Published: 7 June 2013
Abstract
In order to discover phytochemicals that are potentially bioactive against Phytophthora cinnamomi, (a soil-borne plant pathogen) a metabolite profiling protocol for investigation of metabolic changes in Lupinus angustifolius L. plant roots in response to pathogen challenge has been established. Analysis of the metabolic profiles from healthy and P. cinnamomi-inoculated root tissue with high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that although susceptible, L. angustifolius upregulated a defence associated genistein and 2′-hydroxygenistein-based isoflavonoid and a soyasapogenol saponin at 12 h post inoculation which increased in concentration at 72 h post inoculation. In contrast to the typical susceptible interaction, the application of a phosphorous-based treatment to L. angustifolius foliage 48 h before P. cinnamomi challenge negated the ability of the pathogen to colonise the root tissue and cause disease. Importantly, although the root profiles of water-treated and phosphite-treated plants post pathogen inoculation contained the same secondary metabolites, concentration variations were observed. Accumulation of secondary metabolites within the P. cinnamomi-inoculated plants confirms that pathogen ingress of the root interstitially occurs in phosphite-treated plants, confirming a direct mode of action against the pathogen upon breaching the root cells.
Additional keywords: mass spectrometry, NMR, plant defence mechanisms, plant defense mechanisms, phosphite.
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