Lower soil moisture threshold for transpiration decline under water deficit correlates with lower canopy conductance and higher transpiration efficiency in drought-tolerant cowpea
Nouhoun Belko A D , Mainassara Zaman-Allah B , Ndiaga Cisse A , Ndeye Ndack Diop A C , Gerard Zombre D , Jeffrey D. Ehlers C and Vincent Vadez B E
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre d’Etude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, BP 3320 Thiès-Escale, Sénégal.
B International Crops Research Institute for the Semiarid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324 Andhra Pradesh, India.
C Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92 521-0124, USA.
D Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Végétale, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Science de la Vie et de la Terre (UFR-SVT), Université de Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
E Corresponding author. Email: v.vadez@cgiar.org
Functional Plant Biology 39(4) 306-322 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP11282
Submitted: 19 December 2011 Accepted: 14 February 2012 Published: 28 March 2012
Abstract
As water availability is critical for reproduction, terminal drought tolerance may involve water-saving traits. Experiments were undertaken under different vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and water regimes (water stress (WS) and well watered (WW)) to test genotypic differences and trait relationships in the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) at which transpiration declines, canopy conductance (proxied by transpiration rate (TR, g H2O cm–2 h–1)), canopy temperature depression (CTD, °C), transpiration efficiency (TE, g kg–1) and growth parameters, using 15 contrasting cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) genotypes. Under WW conditions at the vegetative and early podding stages, plant mass and leaf area were larger under low VPD, and was generally lower in tolerant than in sensitive genotypes. Several tolerant lines had lower TR under WW conditions and restricted TR more than sensitive lines under high VPD. Under WS conditions, transpiration declined at a lower FTSW in tolerant than in sensitive lines. Tolerant lines also maintained higher TR and CTD under severe stress. TE was higher in tolerant genotypes under WS conditions. Significant relationships were found between TR, and TE, CTD and FTSW under different water regimes. In summary, traits that condition how genotypes manage limited water resources discriminated between tolerant and sensitive lines. Arguably, a lower canopy conductance limits plant growth and plant water use, and allows tolerant lines to behave like unstressed plants until the soil is drier and to maintain a higher TR under severe stress, as lower TR at high VPD leads to higher TE.
Additional keywords: canopy temperature depression, drought stress, fraction of transpirable soil water, Vigna unguiculata.
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