Transcription profiling of the isoflavone phenylpropanoid pathway in soybean in response to Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation
Lisette Pregelj A C , Joanne R. McLanders B , Peter M. Gresshoff A D and Peer M. Schenk B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
B School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
C Present address. School of Business, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: p.gresshoff@uq.edu.au
Functional Plant Biology 38(1) 13-24 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP10093
Submitted: 27 April 2010 Accepted: 26 October 2010 Published: 17 December 2010
Abstract
Isoflavones are legume-specific secondary metabolites that function as defence compounds, signal molecules and regulators of gene expression during both pathogen attack and beneficial plant–microbe interactions. They are synthesised by a branch of the core phenylpropanoid pathway, using several isoenzymes within each enzymatic step. Gene-specific quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to quantify expression of isoflavone synthesis genes in soybean (Glycine max L). Genes encoding chalcone synthase 7 (CHS7), chalcone synthase 8 (CHS8) and isoflavone synthase 1 (IFS1) displayed high basal expression levels in roots compared with hypocotyls, suggesting they could be the gene family members encoding the isoenzyme that contributes the most to the principal substrate flux towards specific isoflavone synthesis in roots. The genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase 1 (PAL1) and IFS1 showed induction in root tissue after inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner) Jordan, suggesting a control point. The absence of a functional nodulation regulator, GmNARK (G. max nodulation autoregulation receptor kinase), in the soybean mutant nts1007 resulted in significantly increased basal expression of PAL1 compared with levels induced by B. japonicum, suggesting that GmNARK is a negative regulator for isoflavone phenylpropanoid pathway genes during nodulation and that distinct genes, as opposed to the complete pathway, are coordinately regulated by the nodulation status of the mutant.
Additional keywords: defence signalling, gene expression, Glycine max, GmNARK, nitrogen fixation.
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