A non-cell-autonomous mechanism for the control of plant architecture and epidermal differentiation involves intercellular trafficking of BREVIPEDICELLUS protein
Yeonggil Rim A B E , Jin-Hee Jung A B E , Hyosub Chu A B , Won Kyong Cho B , Seon-Won Kim A B , Jong Chan Hong A , David Jackson C , Raju Datla D and Jae-Yean Kim A B FA Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
B Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
C Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
D Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0W9.
E These authors contributed equally to this work.
F Corresponding author. Email: kimjy@gnu.ac.kr
Functional Plant Biology 36(3) 280-289 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP08243
Submitted: 12 September 2008 Accepted: 19 January 2009 Published: 2 March 2009
Abstract
Intercellular trafficking of maize KNOTTED1 and its homologous KNOTTED1-related homeobox (KNOX) proteins has been reported; however, little is known about the functional significance of KNOX trafficking in plant development. In this study, we showed that intercellular movement of BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP or KNAT1), the closest Arabidopsis homologue of KNOTTED1, is tissue-specific and takes place through a selective pathway. When BP was fused to a red fluorescent mCherry construct, it could move from the mesophyll to epidermal cells of leaves, although it could not move out from the cortex/endodermis of roots. Using a trichome rescue-trafficking assay, we also showed that BP fusion could confer gain-of-trafficking function to the cell-autonomous GLABROUS1 (GL1) protein. In the wild type, BP transcripts are expressed in the sub-epidermal cortical cell layers of the inflorescence stem and pedicel. However, bp mutant phenotypes include defects in epidermal cell differentiation suggesting a non-cell-autonomous function. Expression of a GFP:BP fusion under the control of a BP promoter specific to the stem cortex layers resulted in epidermal GFP fluorescence suggesting its movement from subepidermis to epidermis. Here, we provide evidence from complementation analyses using cell autonomous or non-cell-autonomous BP fusions that the intercellular trafficking of BP protein is important for plant architecture and epidermal differentiation.
Additional keywords: BREVIPEDICELLUS, KNAT1, KNOTTED1, KNOX, plasmodesmata, protein trafficking.
Acknowledgements
We thank Sunseon Kim, Dr WJ Lucas, Dr RY Tsien, Dr J Haseloff and Dr CS Pikaard for technical assistance, critical discussion, the J0571 line, the mCherry construct and the pEarleyGate construct, respectively. This work was supported by KOSEF grants to the National Research Laboratory Program (M10600000205–06J0000–20510), the WCU program (R33–2008–000–10002–0), the Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center (R15–2003–012–01003–0) and by the Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF-2008–314-C00362). YR, JHJ and HC were supported by fellowships from the Brain Korea 21 Program, a program of the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.
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